Terms : Hide Images
| 161077523 | Balfour Declaration | British minister's promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine during World War I; issued in 1917 | 0 | |
| 161077595 | eastern front | Most mobile of the fronts established during World War I; lacked trench warfare because of length of front extending from the Baltic to southern Russia; after early successes, military defeats led to downfall of the tsarist government in Russia | 1 | |
| 161077664 | western front | Front established in World War I; generally along line from Belgium to Switzerland; featured trench warfare and horrendous casualties for all sides in the conflict | 2 | |
| 161077739 | League of Nations | International diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I; one of the chief goals of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States in the peace negotiations; the United States was never a member | 3 | |
| 161077820 | socialism in one country | Joseph Stalin's concept of Russian communism based solely on the Soviet Union rather than the Leninist concept of international revolution; by cutting off the Soviet Union from other economies, the USSR avoided worst consequences of the Great Depression | 4 | |
| 161077900 | Treaty of Versailles | Ended World War I (1919); provided for the League of Nations; also punished Germany with loss of territories and the payment of reparations as a result of their "war guilt"; Russia also lost territories with the reestablishment of Eastern European nations such as Poland | 5 | |
| 161077983 | World Court | Developed during period of internationalization; permanent court of arbitration established at The Hague in 1899; intended to remove causes of war; failed to resolve problems of international conflict in 20th century | 6 | |
| 161078074 | Alexander Kerensky | Liberal revolutionary leader during the early stages of the Russian Revolution of 1917; sought development of parliamentary rule, religious freedom | 7 | |
| 161078166 | Red Army | Military organization constructed under leadership of Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik follower of Lenin; made use of people of humble background | 8 | |
| 161078263 | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | Federal system of socialist republics established in 1923 in various ethnic regions of Russia; firmly controlled by Communist party; diminished nationalities protest under Bolsheviks; dissolved 1991 | 9 | |
| 161078346 | Solidarity | Polish labor movement formed in 1970s under Lech Walesa; challenged USSR-dominated government of Poland | 10 | |
| 161078428 | Joseph Stalin | Successor to Lenin as head of the USSR; strongly nationalist view of Communism; represented anti-Western strain of Russian tradition; crushed opposition to his rule; established series of five-year plans to replace New Economic Policy; fostered agricultural collectivization; led USSR through World War II; furthered cold war with Western Europe and the United States; died in 1953 | 11 | |
| 161078512 | New Economic Policy | Initiated by Lenin in 1921; state continued to set basic economic policies, but efforts were now combined with individual initiative; policy allowed food production to recover | 12 | |
| 161386801 | Indian National Congress party | Grew out of regional associations of Western-educated Indians; originally centered in cities of Bombay, Poona, Calcutta, and Madras; became political party in 1885; focus of nationalist movement in India; governed through most of postcolonial period | 13 | |
| 161386802 | Lord Cromer | British adviser in khedival Egypt; pushed for economic reforms that reduced but failed to eliminate the debts of the khedival regime | 14 | |
| 161386803 | Montagu-Chelmsford reforms | Increased the powers of Indian legislators at the all-India level and placed much of the provincial administration of India under local ministries controlled by legislative bodies with substantial numbers of elected Indians; passed in 1919 | 15 | |
| 161386804 | Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 | Provided educated Indians with considerably expanded opportunities to elect and serve on local and all-Indian legislative councils | 16 | |
| 161386805 | Muslim League | Founded in 1906 to better support demands of Muslims for separate electorates and legislative seats in Hindu-dominated India; represented division within Indian nationalist movement | 17 | |
| 161386806 | Theodor Herzl | Austrian journalist and Zionist; formed World Zionist Organization in 1897; promoted Jewish migration to Palestine and formation of a Jewish state | 18 | |
| 161386807 | mandates | Governments entrusted to European nations in the Middle East in the aftermath of World War I; Britain occupied mandates in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine after 1922 | 19 | |
| 161386808 | négritude | Literary movement in Africa; attempted to combat racial stereotypes of African culture; celebrated the beauty of black skin and African physique; associated with origins of African nationalist movements | 20 | |
| 161386809 | Rowlatt Act | Placed severe restrictions on key Indian civil rights such as freedom of the press; acted to offset the concessions granted under Montagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1919 | 21 | |
| 161386810 | Wafd party | Egyptian nationalist party that emerged after an Egyptian delegation was refused a hearing at the Versailles Treaty negotiations following World War I; led by Sa'd Zaghl[[auumlaut]]l; negotiations eventually led to limited Egyptian independence beginning in 1922 | 22 | |
| 161386811 | B. G. Tilak | Believed that nationalism in India should be based on appeals to Hindu religiosity; worked to promote the restoration and revival of ancient Hindu traditions; offended Muslims and other religious groups; first Populist leader in India | 23 | |
| 161386812 | Zionism | Movement originating in Eastern Europe during the 1860s and 1870s that argued that the Jews must return to a Middle Eastern Holy Land; eventually identified with the settlement of Palestine | 24 | |
| 161389777 | Mohandas Gandhi | forged a localized protest into a sustained all-India campaign against the policies of the colonial overlords; remarkable appeal to both the masses and the Western-educated nationalist politicians; advocated peaceful boycotts, strikes, noncooperation, and mass demonstrations | 25 |
