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| ability to alter form in response to local environmental conditions. | ||
| the branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plants; external form | ||
| environmental factor | ||
| It absorbs water and minerals below ground; depends on sugars from the shoot system | ||
| absorb light and exchange gases to make sugars; relies on water and nutrients from root system | ||
| Root food;imported from shoot system to feed roots | ||
| vegetative growth is the growing of non-reproductive leaves, stems, and roots Reproductive growth (in angiosperms) bears flowers and reproductive structures | ||
| stem leaves roots | ||
| eudicots; gymnosperms | ||
| storage of sugars and starches that the plant will consume once it flowers | ||
| monocots | ||
| adventitous is a term describing a plant organ growing in a unusual location; fibrous roots grow off of the stem | ||
| they hold soil in place and prevent erosion | ||
| root hairs are little extensions of a root epidermal cell; it increases the SA of roots and main function is absorption | ||
| nodes and internodes | ||
| points at which leaves are attatched | ||
| segments between nodes | ||
| can form a lateral shoot; usually dormant in young shoots; in the upper angle formed by each leaf and the stem | ||
| elongation of a young shoot is concentrated at the shoot tip (apical bud) so it can reach the sun faster and increase its exposure to it | ||
| shoot tip that aids in primary growth | ||
| inhibition of axillary buds | ||
| leaf | ||
| stalk that joins leaf to the stem at a node | ||
| the leaf basically bro..=/ | ||
| Eudicot | ||
| monocot | ||
| to withstand strong winds with less tearing or if a pathogen attacks it'll only invade a single leaflet instead of spreading to the entire leaf | ||
| Dermal Vascular and Ground | ||
| Buttress Pnuematophores Prop Storage Strangling | ||
| support tall trunks of tropical trees BIG ROOTS | ||
| aka air roots (snorkel); produced by trees that inhabit tidal swamps which cannot obtain oxygen because of thick ugly mud EX. mangroves | ||
| help support top heavy plants EX. maize | ||
| Store food and water in their roots; EX. beets FAT ROOTS | ||
| Parasitic; snake-like roots that gradually rap around a host tree | ||
| rhizomes bulbs stolons tubers | ||
| sideways plant! horizontal shoot grows right below the surface; vertical shoots emerge from axillary buds on rhizomes EX. iris | ||
| vertical underground shoot; short stem produces huge modified leaves that store food EX. Onions | ||
| horizontal shoot that grows along the surface; have runners EX. Strawberries | ||
| enlarged ends of rhizomes or stolons that store food EX. potato | ||
| in non woody plants; protects plant from water loss and pathogens | ||
| A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants. (prevents water loss) | ||
| replaces epidermis in older regions of the plant; consists of the cork ant the cork cambium | ||
| Tendrils Spines Storage Reproductive Bracts | ||
| lasso leaves; lasso onto other plants for support | ||
| pokey things; photosynthesis carried out by the stem | ||
| store food and/ or water | ||
| produce adventitious plantlets | ||
| mistaken for petals; attract pollinators | ||
| extensions of the epidermis; provide a physical barrier; secrete a sticky toxic chemical; reflect excess light; reduce water loss | ||
| long distance transport of material between root and shoot system | ||
| xylem and phloem | ||
| xylem | ||
| phloem | ||
| vascular tissue of a root or stem | ||
| False the Vascular cylinder is only in roots | ||
| tissue that is neither vascular nor dermal; includes cells specialized for photosynthesis, storage, and support | ||
| parenchyma cells | ||
| collenchyma | ||
| sclerenchyma | ||
| strngthened by lignin and have HUGE secondary cell walls; are dead at functional maturity; mainly used to support; cannot elongate found in the older regions of a plant | ||
| support young parts of the plant shoot; (collen the nurse cell); no lignin and no secondary wall; unevenly thickened primary wall;; elongate with stems and leaves; flexible | ||
| perform most of the metabolic functions of the cell (photosynthesis) thin primary wall; some have secondary walls large central vacuole can divide and diffrentiate into other plant cells | ||
| xylem | ||
| phloem | ||
| nucleus, vacuole, cytoskeleton, and ribosomes | ||
| connected via plasmodesmata and they share their nucleus and ribosomes with w=the sieve tube elements | ||
| intercalary meristems | ||
| Parenchyma cells | ||
| Endodermis | ||
| outermost layer of vascular cylinder; gives rise to lateral roots | ||
| Mesophyll | ||
| spongy and palisade | ||
| bundle sheath cells | ||
| Growth in the width of a plant in the stem | ||
| Cork cambium and Vascular cambium | ||
| wood | ||
| early wood has thin cell walls to maximize water delivery; springtime late wood has thicker cell walls to aid more in support than water delivery; summertime | ||
| vascular rays; initials | ||
| cambial initials tht divide; can increase the circumference pf the cambium | ||
| Late wood | ||
| Cork cells | ||
| provide protection against water loss physical damage and pathogens | ||
| cork cambium daughter cells | ||
| parallel guard cells and allow gas exchange between living stem cells n air; more space between cork cells |
