Terms : Hide Images
| 98190548 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. | 0 | |
| 98190549 | Ka'ba | one of the most revered religious shrines in the pre islamic Arabia | 1 | |
| 98190550 | Caliph | successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims | 2 | |
| 98190551 | Uthman | Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan | 3 | |
| 98190552 | Ramadan | the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset | 4 | |
| 98190553 | Wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate; initially recruited from Persian provinces of empire | 5 | |
| 98190554 | Mosque | an Islamic place of worship | 6 | |
| 98190555 | Shaykhs | Leaders of tribes and clans within bedouin society; usually men with large herds, several wives, and many children | 7 | |
| 98190556 | Qur'an | Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam. | 8 | |
| 98190557 | Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites | 9 | |
| 98190558 | Battle of Siffin | Fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party | 10 | |
| 98190559 | Mawali | non-arab converts to islam | 11 | |
| 98190560 | Ayan | The wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule | 12 | |
| 98190561 | Hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca; one of the Five Pillars of Islam | 13 | |
| 98190562 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Mohammad and the future center of Islam | 14 | |
| 98190563 | umma | community of the faithful | 15 | |
| 98190564 | Abu Bakr | first caliph after death of muhammad | 16 | |
| 98190565 | Mu'awiya | caliph of Umayyad Dynasty, 661-680; capital was Damascus | 17 | |
| 98190566 | Jizya | Head tax paid by all non Muslims in Islamic territories. | 18 | |
| 98190567 | Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God | 19 | |
| 98190568 | Damascus | ancient Islamic cultural center | 20 | |
| 98190569 | Medina | town NE of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the Hijra, 622, began the Muslim calendar | 21 | |
| 98190570 | Zakat | Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims | 22 | |
| 98190571 | Ridda Wars | Wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored unity of Islam | 23 | |
| 98190572 | Sunni | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads. | 24 | |
| 98190573 | Dhimmis | literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus | 25 | |
| 98190574 | Khadijah | widow of a wealthy merchant; Muhammad worked for her and later married her | 26 | |
| 98190575 | Hadiths | Traditions of the prophet Muhammad | 27 | |
| 98190576 | Umayyads | clans of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy in Mecca; later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam | 28 | |
| 98190577 | Five Pillars | The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj | 29 | |
| 98190578 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 30 | |
| 98190579 | Shi'a | a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammed's son-in-law Ali as the true rulers of Islam | 31 | |
| 98190580 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; victories against Umayyad communities led to the conquest of Syria and the capture of the Umayyad capital | 32 | |
| 98190581 | Hijra | The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam | 33 | |
| 98190582 | Dhows | Ship with lateen sails and raised deck at the stern; used along the coasts of east Africa and the Middle East. | 34 | |
| 98190583 | Karbala | Site of defeat and death of Husayn, son of Ali; marked beginning of Shi'a resistance to Umayyad caliphate | 35 | |
| 98190584 | Quraysh Bedouin tribe | this umayyad clan founded Mecca | 36 | |
| 98190585 | Battle of River Zab | Victory of Abbasids over Umayyads; resulted in conquest of Syria and capture of Umayyad capital. | 37 | |
| 98190586 | Baghdad | Ancient Islamic cultural center on the Tigris River; capital of the present day Iraq. | 38 | |
| 98190587 | Ridda wars began | 633-634 | 39 | |
| 98190588 | end of Umayyad dynasty | 750 | 40 | |
| 98190589 | Muhammad flees from Mecca to Medina | 622 | 41 | |
| 98190590 | assassination of Uthman | 656 | 42 | |
| 98190591 | Battle of Siffin | 657 | 43 | |
| 98190592 | Muhammad receives 1st revelations | 610 | 44 | |
| 98190593 | Compare and Contrast the Islamic beliefs and the Christians Beliefs. | Islamic: 5 pillars, centered in Mecca, god worked though Muhamad, tax for charity (zakat) Both: one God, have a founder, spread through trade, book of beliefs (Bible and Qur'an), period of fasting Christian: orginally centered in Middle East, god sent his only son, governing leaders over cities (bishops), trinity, | 45 | |
| 98190594 | Reasons/causes for the rise and spread of islam | trade, built large empires and conquered others, conversion, jihads to force Islam to people, Ridda wars to defeat prophets of other clans, holy city was moved from Mecca To Damascus, writing system, authors, built mosques | 46 |
