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| 237015800 | adenosine diphosphate | molecule formed from the breaking off of a phosphate group from ATP; results in a release of energy that is used for biological reactions | |
| 237015801 | adenosine triphosphate | energy storing molecule in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups; energy is stored in the molecule's chemical bonds and can be used quickly & easily by cells | |
| 237015802 | Calvin cycle | series of reactions during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis in which simple sugars are formed from carbon dioxide using ATP & hydrogen from the light dependent reactions | |
| 237015803 | chlorophyll | light absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except green | |
| 237015804 | electron transport chain | series of proteins embedded in a membrane along which energized electrons are transported; as electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, energy is released | |
| 237015805 | light-dependent reactions | phase of photosynthesis where light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP; results in the splitting of water and release of oxygen | |
| 237015806 | light-independent reactions | phase of photosynthesis where energy form light dependent reactions is used to produced glucose and additional ATP molecules | |
| 237015807 | NADP | electron carrier molecule; when carrying excited electrons it becomes NADPH | |
| 237015808 | photolysis | reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during light-dependent reactions where two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons | |
| 237015809 | photosynthesis | process by which autotrophs, such as algae & plants, trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll & use this energy to convert carbon dioxide & water into simple sugars | |
| 237015810 | pigment | molecule that absorbs certain wavelengths of light | |
| 237015811 | aerobic | Chemical reactions that require the presence of oxygen | |
| 237015812 | alcoholic fermentation | anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol; carried out by many bacteria and fungi such as yeasts | |
| 237015813 | anaerobic | Chemical reactions that do not require the presence of oxygen | |
| 237015814 | cellular respiration | chemical process where mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP | |
| 237015815 | citric acid cycle | in cellular respiration, series of chemical reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP; energizes electron carriers that pass the energized electrons on to the electron transport chain | |
| 237015816 | glycolysis | in cellular respiration, series of ananerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms a net profit of two ATP molecules | |
| 237015817 | lactic acid fermentation | series of anaerobic chemical reactions in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+, which is then used in glycolysis; supplies energy when oxygen for aerobic respiration is scarce |
