Terms : Hide Images
| 46719553 | Cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | |
| 46719554 | Concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | |
| 46719555 | Prototype | a mental image or best example of a category | |
| 46719556 | Algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem | |
| 46719557 | Heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms | |
| 46719558 | Insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem | |
| 46719559 | Confirmation Bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions | |
| 46719560 | Fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving | |
| 46719561 | Mental Set | a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past | |
| 46719562 | Functional Fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions | |
| 46719563 | Representativeness Heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information | |
| 46719564 | Availability Heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common | |
| 46719565 | Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments | |
| 46719566 | Framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments | |
| 46719567 | Belief Bias | the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid | |
| 46719568 | Belief Perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited | |
| 46719569 | Artificial Intelligence | a subdiscipline of computer science that attempts to simulate human thinking | |
| 46719570 | Computer Neural Networks | Computer circuits that mimic the brain's interconnected neural cells, performing tasks such as learning to recognize visual patterns and smells | |
| 46719571 | Language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning | |
| 46719572 | Phoneme | in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit | |
| 46719573 | Morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) | |
| 46719574 | Grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others | |
| 46719575 | Semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning | |
| 46719576 | Syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language | |
| 46719577 | Babbling Stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language | |
| 46719578 | One Word Stage | the stage in speech development from about age 1 to 2 during which a child speaks mostly in single words. | |
| 46719579 | Two Word Stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements | |
| 46719580 | Telegraphic Speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words | |
| 46719581 | Linguistic Determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think |
