324125851 | Augustine of Hippo | (Roman Catholic Church) one of the great fathers of the early Christian church | 0 | |
324125852 | Black Death | the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe | 1 | |
324125853 | Charles Martel | Carolingian monarch of Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims in battle of Tours in 732; ended Muslim threat to western Europe. | 2 | |
324125854 | Clovis | king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy | 3 | |
324125855 | Cluny | A new French monastery where monks strictly followed Benedictine rule. | 4 | |
324125856 | Ferdinand and Isabella | This was the king and queen of Spain who took over the Catholic Spain and started the Spanish Inquisition | 5 | |
324125857 | Fourth Crusade | a Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem | 6 | |
324125858 | Holy Roman Empire | the lands ruled by Charlemagne | 7 | |
324125859 | Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (p. 413) | 8 | |
324125860 | Magna Carta | This document was signed by King John in 1215. It was the first document that limited the power of the government. | 9 | |
324125862 | Manorialism | Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land. | 10 | |
324125864 | Middle Ages | The historical period from around 500 A.D. up to around 1450 A.D. between the fall of Rome and the birth of the Renaissance | 11 | |
324125866 | Peter Abelard | French philosopher and theologian | 12 | |
324125868 | Raoul de Cambrai | A french knight pillaged a convent, raped the nuns and burned them alive. | 13 | |
324125870 | Scholasticism | the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe | 14 | |
324125872 | Thomas Aquinas | Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology | 15 | |
324125874 | Three-field System | A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe. | 16 | |
324125876 | William the Conqueror | duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England | 17 | |
324125879 | Ibn- Rushd | Spanish-Arab philosopher; also known as Averroes; influenced by Aristotle, his best known writings explore the relationship between reason and faith | 18 | |
324125881 | Feudalism | a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service | 19 | |
324125883 | Charlemagne | King of the Franks who conquered much of Western Europe, great patron of leterature and learning | 20 | |
324125885 | Benedict of Nursia | Italian monk who created a set of rules for Western monasteries in the 6th century | 21 | |
324125887 | Pope Gregory VII | reformed a lot and determined to challenge secular authority. He caused a lot of conflict and was admired by many and hated by many. He banned lay investiture, which angered Henry IV | 22 | |
324125889 | First Crusade | (1096 - 1099) Crusade called by Pope Urban II which captured Jerusalem. (only militarily successful Crusade) | 23 | |
324125891 | Francis of Assisi | Italian monk who founded the Franciscan order; he devoted his life to serving the poor and sick. | 24 | |
324125893 | Crusades | 1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade | 25 | |
324125896 | Pope Urban II | Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades | 26 | |
324125898 | Parliaments | Bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the feudal principle that rulers should consult their vassals. | 27 | |
324125900 | Serfs | men of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection | 28 | |
324125902 | Gothic | a style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries | 29 | |
324125904 | Brevard of Clairvaux | ... | 30 | |
324125906 | Geoffrey Chaucer | English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400) | 31 | |
324125908 | Hanseatic League | a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas | 32 | |
324125910 | Guilds | Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests | 33 | |
324125912 | Three Estates | The three social groups considered most powerful in Western countries; church, nobles, and urban leaders. | 34 | |
324125914 | Investiture | controversy Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands. | 35 | |
324125916 | Roger Bacon | English scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation | 36 | |
324125918 | Vassals | members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty | 37 | |
324125920 | Roman Catholic Church | the Christian church headed by the pope in Rome | 38 | |
324125922 | Carolingians | Royal house of Franks after 8th century until their replacement in 10th century. | 39 | |
324125924 | Beowulf | the legendary hero of an anonymous Old English epic poem composed in the early 8th century | 40 | |
324125927 | Third Crusade | a Crusade from 1189 to 1192 led by Richard I and the king of France that failed because an army torn by dissensions and fighting on foreign soil could not succeed against forces united by religious zeal | 41 | |
324125929 | Pope | Head of the Roman Catholic Church | 42 | |
324125931 | Battle of Tours | 732 AD Christians defeat Muslim invaders and stop the spread of Islam into Europe | 43 | |
324125933 | Moldboard | Heavy plow introduced in northern Europe during the Middle Ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils; a technological innovation of the medieval agricultural system. | 44 | |
324125935 | Vikings | Scandinavian pirates who plundered the coasts of Europe from the 8th to 10th centuries. | 45 | |
324125937 | Songs of Roland | an epic about praise for Charlemagne | 46 | |
324125939 | Romanesque | Style of church architecture using round arches, domes, thick walls, and small windows | 47 | |
324125941 | Chivalry | a code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle | 48 | |
324125943 | Romance of the Rose | Poem written by Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung during the 13th century; details the ideas of courtly love. | 49 | |
324125944 | Franks | group of Germanic people who rose to prominence under the leadership of King Clovis | 50 |
Chapter 10 AP World History Flashcards
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