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Chapter 10 AP World History Flashcards

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324125851Augustine of Hippo(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great fathers of the early Christian church0
324125852Black Deaththe epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe1
324125853Charles MartelCarolingian monarch of Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims in battle of Tours in 732; ended Muslim threat to western Europe.2
324125854Clovisking of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy3
324125855ClunyA new French monastery where monks strictly followed Benedictine rule.4
324125856Ferdinand and IsabellaThis was the king and queen of Spain who took over the Catholic Spain and started the Spanish Inquisition5
324125857Fourth Crusadea Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem6
324125858Holy Roman Empirethe lands ruled by Charlemagne7
324125859Hundred Years WarSeries of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. (p. 413)8
324125860Magna CartaThis document was signed by King John in 1215. It was the first document that limited the power of the government.9
324125862ManorialismEconomic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land.10
324125864Middle AgesThe historical period from around 500 A.D. up to around 1450 A.D. between the fall of Rome and the birth of the Renaissance11
324125866Peter AbelardFrench philosopher and theologian12
324125868Raoul de CambraiA french knight pillaged a convent, raped the nuns and burned them alive.13
324125870Scholasticismthe system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe14
324125872Thomas AquinasItalian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology15
324125874Three-field SystemA rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe.16
324125876William the Conquerorduke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England17
324125879Ibn- RushdSpanish-Arab philosopher; also known as Averroes; influenced by Aristotle, his best known writings explore the relationship between reason and faith18
324125881Feudalisma political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service19
324125883CharlemagneKing of the Franks who conquered much of Western Europe, great patron of leterature and learning20
324125885Benedict of NursiaItalian monk who created a set of rules for Western monasteries in the 6th century21
324125887Pope Gregory VIIreformed a lot and determined to challenge secular authority. He caused a lot of conflict and was admired by many and hated by many. He banned lay investiture, which angered Henry IV22
324125889First Crusade(1096 - 1099) Crusade called by Pope Urban II which captured Jerusalem. (only militarily successful Crusade)23
324125891Francis of AssisiItalian monk who founded the Franciscan order; he devoted his life to serving the poor and sick.24
324125893Crusades1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade25
324125896Pope Urban IILeader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades26
324125898ParliamentsBodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the feudal principle that rulers should consult their vassals.27
324125900Serfsmen of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection28
324125902Gothica style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries29
324125904Brevard of Clairvaux...30
324125906Geoffrey ChaucerEnglish poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)31
324125908Hanseatic Leaguea commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas32
324125910GuildsAssociation of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests33
324125912Three EstatesThe three social groups considered most powerful in Western countries; church, nobles, and urban leaders.34
324125914Investiturecontroversy Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands.35
324125916Roger BaconEnglish scientist and Franciscan monk who stressed the importance of experimentation36
324125918Vassalsmembers of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty37
324125920Roman Catholic Churchthe Christian church headed by the pope in Rome38
324125922CarolingiansRoyal house of Franks after 8th century until their replacement in 10th century.39
324125924Beowulfthe legendary hero of an anonymous Old English epic poem composed in the early 8th century40
324125927Third Crusadea Crusade from 1189 to 1192 led by Richard I and the king of France that failed because an army torn by dissensions and fighting on foreign soil could not succeed against forces united by religious zeal41
324125929PopeHead of the Roman Catholic Church42
324125931Battle of Tours732 AD Christians defeat Muslim invaders and stop the spread of Islam into Europe43
324125933MoldboardHeavy plow introduced in northern Europe during the Middle Ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils; a technological innovation of the medieval agricultural system.44
324125935VikingsScandinavian pirates who plundered the coasts of Europe from the 8th to 10th centuries.45
324125937Songs of Rolandan epic about praise for Charlemagne46
324125939RomanesqueStyle of church architecture using round arches, domes, thick walls, and small windows47
324125941Chivalrya code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle48
324125943Romance of the RosePoem written by Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung during the 13th century; details the ideas of courtly love.49
324125944Franksgroup of Germanic people who rose to prominence under the leadership of King Clovis50

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