A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
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| 98864212 | manorialism | system that described economic and political relations btwn landlords and their peasan laboreres during middle ages involved a hierarchy of recipricol obligations that exchanged labor/rent for land access | 0 | |
| 98864213 | bernard of clairvaux | 1090-1153emphasized role of faith in freference to logic stressed imporance of mysical union with god successfully challenged abelard and had himdriven from univ. | 1 | |
| 98864214 | three extates | 3 social groups considered most powerful in w contries: church, noble, urban leader | 2 | |
| 98864215 | carolingians | royal house of franks after 8th century until their replacement in 10th century | 3 | |
| 98864216 | hundred years war | conflict btwn england and france from 1337-1453-fought over lands England possesed in France and feudal vs. emerging claims of national states | 4 | |
| 98864217 | parliament | bodies representing priveleged groups institutionalized feudal principle that rulers should consult with vassals found in england spain germany france | 5 | |
| 98864218 | charles'the hammer' martel | 686-741 carolingian monarch of franks responsible for defeating muslim in battle of tours in 732 ended muslim threat to w europe | 6 | |
| 98864219 | scholasticsm | dominant medival philosophical approach so-called b/c of base in the schools/univ. based on lgic to resolve theological problems | 7 | |
| 98864220 | gregory vii | pop during 11th century attempted to free church from feudal lord interference quarreled with holy roman empiror henry iv over practice of lay investiture | 8 | |
| 98864221 | black death | plague that struck europe in 14th century significantly reduced european pop. affected social structure | 9 | |
| 98864222 | vikings | seagoing scandanavian raiders from sweden, dnemark, norway-disrupted coastal areas in w europe 8th-11th centuries | 10 | |
| 98864223 | guilds | sworn group of ppl in same business/craft in a city stressed security, mutual control, limited membership, some had franchises, regualted apprenticeship, qualtiy | 11 | |
| 98864224 | thomas aquinas | 1225-1274 created a synthesis of medieval learning taught in paris university, wrote several summas about reason, natural order, moral law, god | 12 | |
| 98864225 | vassals | member of military elite-got land/benefice from feudal lord for military service and loyalty | 13 | |
| 98864226 | magna carta | great charter issued by king jong 1215 in england confirmed feudal rights against monarch represented mutual limits and feudalsim and lord obligations | 14 | |
| 98864227 | clovis | early frankish king converted franks to christianty around 496 allowed est. of frankish kingdom | 15 | |
| 98864228 | urban ii | called 1st crusade 1095, appealed to christians to mount military assault to free holy lands from muslims | 16 | |
| 98864229 | william the conqueror | invaded england from normandy 1066 extended feudalism to england est. administration based on sheriffes est. centralized monarch | 17 | |
| 98864230 | investiture | practice of state appointing bishops pope gregory vii tried banning-led to war with holy roman emperor henry iv | 18 | |
| 98864231 | hanseatic league | organization of cities in n germany and s scandanavia for establishing a common alliance | 19 | |
| 98864232 | moldboard | heavy plow introduced into n europe in middle ages plowed deeper soils, technology innovation in agriculture | 20 | |
| 98864233 | charlegmagne | charles the great carolignian monarch who est. empire in france and germany around 800 | 21 | |
| 98864234 | 3-field system | agricultural cultivatior system in 800s in w europe included 1/3 spring grains, 1/3 fallow | 22 | |
| 98864235 | peter abelard | 1079-1142 wrote 'yes and no' university scholar applied logic to theology showed contradiction in established doctrine | 23 | |
| 98864236 | gothic | architecture style developed in middle ages in w europe had pointed arches and flying buttresses with extension on main walk supports | 24 | |
| 98864237 | serfs | peasant agriculture laborers within manorial system of middle ages | 25 | |
| 98864238 | middle ages | period in w european history from decline and fall fo roman empire until 15th century | 26 |
