Terms : Hide Images
| 456595215 | signal transduction pathway | The process by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted into a specific cellular response. |  | 0 |
| 456595216 | local regulators | These regulators influence cells in the vicinity of them. |  | 1 |
| 456595217 | hormones | Circulating chemical signals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells. |  | 2 |
| 456595218 | ligand | A molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, often a larger one. |  | 3 |
| 456595219 | protein kinase | The enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to protein. |  | 4 |
| 456595220 | adenylyl cyclase | Converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to an extracellular signal. |  | 5 |
| 456595221 | protein phosphatases | Enzymes that can rapidly remove phosphate groups from proteins. |  | 6 |
| 456595222 | second messengers | Small, non-protein water soluble molecules or ions that send messages throughout the cells by diffusion. |  | 7 |
| 456595223 | inositol triphosphate (IP3) | Produced by cleavage of a certain kind of phospholipid in the plasma membrane. |  | 8 |
| 456595224 | scaffolding proteins | A type of large relay protein to which several other relay proteins are simultaneously attached to increase the efficiency of signal transduction. |  | 9 |
| 755973323 | reception | The target cell's detection of a signal molecule coming from outside the cell. |  | 10 |
| 755973324 | transduction | The binding of the signal molecule changes the receptor protein in some way. |  | 11 |
| 755973325 | response | The transduced signal finally triggers a specific cellular response. |  | 12 |
| 755973326 | G-protein-linked receptor | A plasma membrane receptor that works with the help of a G-protein. |  | 13 |
| 755973327 | receptor tyrosine kinase | A receptor with enzymatic activity that can trigger more than one signal transduction pathway at once, helping the cell regulate and coordinate many aspects of cell growth and reproduction. |  | 14 |
| 755973328 | ligand-gated ion channel | Type of membrane receptor that has a region that can act as a "gate" when the receptor changes shape. |  | 15 |
| 755973329 | diacylglycerol (DAG) | A second messenger produced by the cleavage of a certain kind of phospholipid in the plasma membrane. |  | 16 |
