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| 42341838 | Taika reforms | attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army. | 0 | |
| 42341839 | Heian | built by emperor Kammu, new capital; became known as Kyoto; remodled to look like Chang'an. | 1 | |
| 42341840 | Tale of Genji | story of Prince Genji and his lovers, written by Lady Murasaki Shikibu at end of 11th century, world's first full novel. | 2 | |
| 42341841 | Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power. | 3 | |
| 42341842 | Bushi | regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies. | 4 | |
| 42341843 | Samurai | a Japanese warrior class which was a member of the feudal military aristocracy. | 5 | |
| 42341844 | Bakufu | Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai. | 6 | |
| 42341845 | Shoguns | Military leaders of the bakufu; served for 700 years (military government in 12th-century Japan). | 7 | |
| 42341846 | Ashikaga Takuaji | Member of the Minamota family; overthrew the Kamakuro regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino. | 8 | |
| 42341847 | Onin War | war between rival heirs of Ashikaga Shogunate; fought between 1467 and 1477; led to warfare between rival headquarters and Kyoto and destruction of old capital. | 9 | |
| 42341848 | daimyo | a Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai. | 10 | |
| 42341849 | sepukku | ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor. | 11 | |
| 42341850 | Gumpei Wars | wages for 5 years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira and Minamoto families; ended in destruction of Taira. | 12 |
