Terms : Hide Images
| 254251398 | sub-Saharan | the region of Africa under or south of the Sahara Desert | 0 | |
| 254251399 | Stateless Societies | groups that have no single authority, but make decisions based on compromise | 1 | |
| 254251400 | bureaucracy | system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials | 2 | |
| 254251401 | commercial ventures | making revenue by utilizing natural resources | 3 | |
| 254251402 | Ecologies | Communities of plants and animals in an environment that supplies raw materials for all living things. | 4 | |
| 254251403 | Between 640 and 700 C.E. | Much of northern Africa fell to Muslim armies in the first expansion of Islam. | 5 | |
| 254251404 | Ethiopian kingdom | Most important christian kingdom in Africa. A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa. | 6 | |
| 254251405 | Third Century C.E. | Ghana was founded | 7 | |
| 254251406 | kinship group | Group of people related by blood or marriage A group made up of roles marked by kinship terms in which the relationship consists of behavior either wholly or in part colored by the moral values associated with kinship relationships. | 8 | |
| 254251407 | Thirteenth Century | When Mali was founded. | 9 | |
| 254251408 | Songhay Kingdom | Created by Berbers, Mal offshoot Ruled by Sunni Ali- conquered towns, exbanded boundaries. A kingdom largely based on agriculture. | 10 | |
| 254313380 | Sudanic States | kingdoms that developed during the height of ghana's power in the region; included mali and songhai. States trading to north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways. | 11 | |
| 254313381 | The Songhay Kingdom | As Mali declined, the kingdom of Songhay regained its independence and replaced its former masters as an imperial power in the Niger River valley. Its most powerful leader was Sunni Ali (1464-1492). | 12 | |
| 254313382 | Swahili coastal trading post | The Swahili coast was settled by Bantu-speaking peoples between the first and tenth centuries C.E. Contact with Asian peoples dated to the second century B.C.E., at which time Asians reached the island of Madagascar and introduced bananas and coconuts to Africa. | 13 | |
| 254313383 | Central African Kingdoms | The Bantu migration extended south of the Congo rain forest region to the savannas of southern Africa by the thirteenth century C.E. After 1000 C.E. | 14 | |
| 254313384 | manikongo | ruler of the kongo who could be either a man or a woman and held the kingdom together through a system of by royal marriages, taxes, and by war and tribute | 15 | |
| 254313385 | The Kingdoms of Kongo and Mwene Mutapa | The kingdom of Kongo is on the lower Congo River by the fifteenth century. Organized in agricultural villages around the capital of Mbanza Kongo, the kingdom consisted of a confederacy of smaller states under the control of a relatively powerful ruler, or manikongo | 16 | |
| 254313386 | Mid sixteenth century | Songhay dominated the central Sudan. | 17 | |
| 254313387 | between 500 B.C.E. and 200 C.E | where the population practiced agriculture, used iron, and produced terra-cotton works | 18 | |
| 254313388 | 1000 C.E | African societies in this region began to supplement kinship-based societies with kingship. | 19 |
