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| 1409762804 | Animals are | multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes | 0 | |
| 1409762808 | Ingestion | eating food | 1 | |
| 1409762816 | Animal cells are held together by | extracellular structural proteins | 2 | |
| 1409762817 | The most abundant structural protein holding animal cells together are | collagen | 3 | |
| 1409762818 | M&F adult animals make haploid gametes by | meiosis | 4 | |
| 1409762819 | The zygote divides by | mitosis | 5 | |
| 1409762821 | The dividing of the of the zygote forms an early embryonic stage called a: | blastula | 6 | |
| 1409762823 | Hollow ball of cells | blastula | 7 | |
| 1409762826 | One side of the blastula folds inward forming stage called | gastrula | 8 | |
| 1409762828 | The internal sac formed by gastrulation becomes the | digestive tract | 9 | |
| 1409762830 | What lines the digestive tract | endoderm | 10 | |
| 1409762832 | an outer cell layer that gives rise to the outer covering of the animal and, in some phyla, to the central nervous system | ectoderm | 11 | |
| 1409762836 | third embryonic layer in animals which forms the muscles an most internal organs | mesoderm | 12 | |
| 1409762839 | an immature individual that looks different from the adult animal | larva | 13 | |
| 1409762841 | a major change of body form | metamorphosis | 14 | |
| 1409762845 | The transformation of a zygote into an adult animal is controlled by clusters of | homeotic genes | 15 | |
| 1409762846 | Animal diversification began more than | .5 billion years ago | 16 | |
| 1409762847 | The lineage that gave rise to animals is thought to have diverged from a | flagellated unikont | 17 | |
| 1409762853 | flagellated unikonts may have resembled modern | choanoflagellates | 18 | |
| 1409762854 | colonial protist that are the closest living relatives of animals | choanoflagellates | 19 | |
| 1409762855 | The oldest generally accepted animal fossils that have yet been found are how old | 575-550 million years old | 20 | |
| 1409762856 | animals that lack a vertebral column | invertebrates | 21 | |
| 1409762857 | Edicaran fossil animals had what type of bodies | soft | 22 | |
| 1409762858 | Cambrian animals had what types of fossil bodies | hard | 23 | |
| 1409762859 | animals can be characterized by basic features of their | body plan | 24 | |
| 1409762860 | prominent feature of the body plan | symmetry | 25 | |
| 1409762861 | the body parts radiate from the center like the spokes of a bicycle wheel | radial symmetry | 26 | |
| 1409762862 | What type of symmetry has a top and body but no left and right sides | radial | 27 | |
| 1409762863 | mirror-image right and left sides, a distinct head and tail, also a back and bottom | bilateral symmetry | 28 | |
| 1409762864 | head | anterior | 29 | |
| 1409762865 | tail | posterior | 30 | |
| 1409762866 | dorsal surface | back | 31 | |
| 1409762867 | bottom | ventral surface | 32 | |
| 1409762868 | The symmetry of a animal reflects its | lifystyle | 33 | |
| 1409762869 | What type of animal is typically sedentary or passively drifting, meeting its environment equally on all sides | radial | 34 | |
| 1409762870 | The brain, sense organs, and mouth are usually located in the head of what type of symmetric animal | bilateral | 35 | |
| 1409762871 | Collections of specialized cells | true tissues | 36 | |
| 1409762872 | sponges lack | true tissues | 37 | |
| 1409762873 | The cell layers formed during gastrulation give rise to | true tissues, organs | 38 | |
| 1409762874 | Three tissue layers | ectoderm endoderm mesoderm | 39 | |
| 1409762875 | Animals arising from embryos with three tissue layers may be characterized by the presence or lack of a | body cavity | 40 | |
| 1409762876 | Fluid-filled space between the digestive tract and outer body wall cushions the internal organs and enables them to grow and move independently of the body wall | body cavity | 41 | |
| 1409762877 | In soft-bodied animals, a noncompressible fluid in the body cavity form a | hydrostatic skeleton | 42 | |
| 1409762878 | body cavitiy completely lined by tissue derived from mesoderm | true coelom | 43 | |
| 1409762879 | Not completely lined by tissue made from mesoderm, functions like coeloms | pseudocoelom | 44 | |
| 1409762880 | Animals that arise from three tissue layers can be separated into two groups base on details of their | embryonic development | 45 | |
| 1409762881 | Two types of bilateral animals | protostomes deuterostomes | 46 | |
| 1409762882 | In _______the opening formed during gastrulation becomes a mouth | protostomes | 47 | |
| 1409762883 | In _______ the opening formed during gastrulatin becomes a anus and the mouth forms a second opening | deuterostomes | 48 | |
| 1409762884 | Differences between protostomes and deuterostomes | pattern of early cell division, the way the coelom forms | 49 | |
| 1409762885 | animals with true tissues (true animals) | eumetazoans | 50 | |
| 1409762886 | Animals that have bilateral symmetry belong to the clade | bilaterians | 51 | |
| 1409762887 | The bilaterians are divided into two clades based on | embryology | 52 | |
| 1409762888 | The two clades of bilaterians are | protostomes and deutrostomes | 53 | |
| 1409762889 | The simplest of all animals | sponges | 54 | |
| 1409762890 | Some sponges are radially symmetric but most lack | body symmetry | 55 | |
| 1409762891 | The body of a sponge consist of two layers of cells separated by a | gelatinous region | 56 | |
| 1409762892 | cells which help sweep water through the sponges body are called | choanocytes | 57 | |
| 1409762893 | Wander through the middle body region, produce supportive skeletal fibers composed of a flexible protein called spongin are called | amoebocytes | 58 | |
| 1409762894 | Most sponges have both types of | skeletal components | 59 | |
| 1409762895 | Example of a suspension feeder | sponges | 60 | |
| 1409762896 | animals that collect food particles from h2o passed through some type of food-trapping equipment | suspension feeders | 61 | |
| 1409762897 | A sponge must filter roughly _________kg of seawater to obtain enough food | 1,000 | 62 | |
| 1409762898 | What traps food particles in mucus on the membraneous collars hat surround the base of their flagella then engulf the food by phagocytosis | choanocytes | 63 | |
| 1409762899 | pick up food in packaged vacuoles choanocytes | amoebocytes | 64 | |
| 1409762900 | Means they are anchored in place | sessile | 65 | |
| 1409762901 | Radial animals with tentacles and stinging cells, two tissue layers | cnidarians | 66 | |
| 1409762902 | Phylum containing hydras, sea anemones, corals, and jellies | cnidaria | 67 | |
| 1409762903 | Two types of radial body forms of cnidarians | polyp medusa | 68 | |
| 1409762904 | Common in freshwater ponds and lakes | hydras | 69 | |
| 1409762905 | Have a cylindrical body with tentacles projecting from one end | hydras and sea anemones | 70 | |
| 1409762906 | mostly stationary | polyps | 71 | |
| 1409762907 | move freely about in water and shaped like an umbrella with a fringe of tentacles | medusas | 72 | |
| 1409762908 | cnidarians capture small animals and protist and are considered | carnivores | 73 | |
| 1409762909 | In a ______ the mouth is on the top of the body at the hub of radiating tentacles | polyp | 74 | |
| 1409762910 | In a ____________the mouth is in the center of the undersurface | medusa | 75 | |
| 1409762911 | Fluid in the ______________________ circulates nutrients an oxygen to internal cells and removes metabolic waste | gastrovascular cavity | 76 | |
| 1409762912 | cnidarian have unique stinging cells called | cnidocytes | 77 | |
| 1409762913 | cnidocytes contain a | fine thread coiled within a capsule | 78 | |
| 1409762914 | coral animals are | polyp form cnidarians | 79 | |
| 1409762915 | Flatworms are the simplest | bilateral animals | 80 | |
| 1409762916 | length of flatworms range from | 1mm-20m | 81 | |
| 1409762917 | Three major groups of flatworms | free-living flukes tapeworms | 82 | |
| 1409762918 | Worms called the planarians represent | free living flatworms | 83 | |
| 1409762919 | has a head with a pair of light-sensitive eyecups and a flap at each side that detects chemicals | planarian | 84 | |
| 1409762920 | Planarians feed through a mouth located | mid-ventral surface of the body | 85 | |
| 1409762921 | Live on the undersurfaces of rocks in freshwater ponds and streams | planarians | 86 | |
| 1409762922 | second type of flat worm that lives as parasites in other animals | flukes | 87 | |
| 1409762923 | have complex life cycles that facilitate dispersal of offspring to new host | flukes | 88 | |
| 1409762924 | Spend part of their life cycle in snails (blood flukes) | schistosomes | 89 | |
| 1409762925 | anterior end of a tapeworm | scolex | 90 | |
| 1409762926 | tapeworms have no _________ mouth they _______nutrients across their body surface and have no ____________ | mouth absorb digestive tract | 91 | |
| 1409762927 | complex life cycle involving more that one host (like flukes) | tapeworms | 92 | |
| 1409762928 | Flatworms and cnidarians differ in symmetry with flatworms being _____- and cnidarians being ____ but the animals of both phyla have a ________ | bilateral radial gastrovascular cavity | 93 | |
| 1409762929 | roundworms | nematodes | 94 | |
| 1409762930 | Nematodes have a | pseudocoelom and a complete digestive tract | 95 | |
| 1409762931 | Nematodes make up the phylum | nematoda | 96 | |
| 1409762932 | True/False nematodes are bilaterians | true | 97 | |
| 1409762933 | Cylindrical with a blunt head and tapered tail | nematodes | 98 | |
| 1409762934 | tough nonliving material covering roundworms body | cuticle | 99 | |
| 1409762935 | Extension of a tube from the mouth to the anus near the tip of the tail | complete digestive tract | 100 | |
| 1409762936 | fluid in the __________ distributes nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract throughout the body | pseudocoelom | 101 | |
| 1409762937 | free-living nematodes live virtually everywhere there is | rotting organic matter | 102 | |
| 1409762938 | other nematodes thrive as ____ in the moist tissues of plants and in the body fluids and tissues of animals | parasites | 103 | |
| 1409762939 | the dog heartworm is a | nematode | 104 | |
| 1409762940 | humans are host to at least how many nematode species | 50 | 105 | |
| 1409762941 | snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, and squids are a few | molluscs | 106 | |
| 1409762942 | soft bodied animals usually protected by a hard shell | molluscs | 107 | |
| 1409762943 | three main parts of a mollusc | foot visceral mass mantle | 108 | |
| 1409762944 | functions in locomotion of a mollusc | muscular foot | 109 | |
| 1409762945 | contains most of the organs of a mollusc | visceral mass | 110 | |
| 1409762946 | a fold of tissue that drapes over the visceral mass and secretes a shell in molluscs such as clams and snails | mantle | 111 | |
| 1409762947 | the mantle extends beyond the visceral mass producing water filled chamber called the | mantle cavity | 112 | |
| 1409762948 | unique rasping organ in mollusc | radula | 113 | |
| 1409762949 | the radula is used to scrape up | food | 114 | |
| 1409762950 | most molluscs have separate | sexes | 115 | |
| 1409762951 | reproductive oragans of molluscs are located in the | visceral mass | 116 | |
| 1409762952 | the life cycle of many marine molluscs includes a | ciliated larval or trochophore | 117 | |
| 1409762953 | flatworms have no body cavity, nematodes have pseudocoelom molluscs have a | true coelom | 118 | |
| 1409762954 | unlike flatworms and nematodes molluscs have a | circulatory system | 119 | |
| 1409762955 | three different groups of molluscs determined by body features | gastropods, bivalves, cepalopods | 120 | |
| 1409762956 | the largest group of molluscs | gastropods | 121 | |
| 1409762957 | found in fresh water, salt water, terrestrial environments. The only molluscs that live on land | gastropods | 122 | |
| 1409762958 | gastropodsare protected by a single spiraled | shell | 123 | |
| 1409762959 | most gastropods are ____ and shell collectors delight in their variety | marine | 124 | |
| 1409762960 | includes numerous species of clams, oysters, mussels and scallops | bivalves | 125 | |
| 1409762961 | they have shells divided into two halves that are hinged together | bivalves | 126 | |
| 1409762962 | most bivalves are what kind of feeders | suspension | 127 | |
| 1409762963 | gills in bivalves are used for feeding as well as | gas exchange | 128 | |
| 1409762964 | most bivalves live in sand or mud and are considered | sedentary | 129 | |
| 1409762965 | use beak like jaws and a radula to crush or rip prey apart | cephalopods | 130 | |
| 1409762966 | all cephalopods have | large brains and sophisticated sense organs | 131 | |
| 1409762967 | cephalopod eyes are considered the most | complex | 132 | |
| 1409762968 | annelids are | segmented worms | 133 | |
| 1409762969 | segmented body resembling a series of fused rings is the hallmark of | phylum annelida | 134 | |
| 1409762970 | subdivision of the body along its length into a series of repeated parts | segmentation | 135 | |
| 1409762971 | segmented body allows for greater | flexibility and mobility | 136 | |
| 1409762972 | three main groups of annelids | earthworms, polychaetes, leeches | 137 | |
| 1409762973 | earthworms do not fertilize their own eggs but they are | hermaphrodites | 138 | |
| 1409762974 | undigested material mixed with mucus secreted into the digestive tract is eliminated as | castings | 139 | |
| 1409762975 | mostly marine and form the largest group of annelids | polychates | 140 | |
| 1409762976 | most live in tubes and extend feathery appendages coated with mucus that trap suspended food particles | polychaetes | 141 | |
| 1409762977 | segmented animals with jointed appendages | arthropods | 142 | |
| 1409762978 | most successful animal phulum | arthoropoda | 143 | |
| 1409762979 | diversity and success of arthropods are largely related to their | segmentation exoskeleton and jointed appendages | 144 | |
| 1409762980 | exoskeleton is considered a | cuticle | 145 | |
| 1409762981 | exoskeleton is hardened by layers of | protein and chitin | 146 | |
| 1409762982 | the exoskeleton of the head and thorax is partly fused forming a body region called the | cephalothorax | 147 | |
| 1409762983 | like molluscs arthropods have an | open circulatory system | 148 | |
| 1409762984 | most aquatic species have | gills | 149 | |
| 1409762985 | terrestrial insects have _________ that branch through out the body | air sacs | 150 | |
| 1409762986 | horseshoe crab is a member of the | chelicerates | 151 | |
| 1409762987 | collectively called _______scorpions,spiders ticks and mites are members of _________-- | arachnids chelicerates | 152 | |
| 1409762988 | wormlike terrestrial creatures that eat decaying plant matter classified as a arthropod | millipede | 153 | |
| 1409762989 | terrestrial carnivores with a pair of poison claws used in defense and to paralyze prey | centipedes | 154 | |
| 1409762990 | the crustaceans are nearly all | aquatic | 155 | |
| 1409762991 | lobsters and crayfish are in which group | crustaceans | 156 | |
| 1409762992 | _____ are marine crustaceans with a cuticle that is hardened into a shell containing ______ | barnacles calcium carbonate | 157 | |
| 1409762993 | four lineages of arthropods | chelicerates millipedes and centipedes crustaceans insects | 158 | |
| 1409762994 | most successful group of animals | insects | 159 | |
| 1409762995 | study insects | entomologists | 160 | |
| 1409762996 | only the adult insect is | sexually mature and has wings | 161 | |
| 1409762997 | percentage of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis | 80 | 162 | |
| 1409762998 | larval stage is specialized for | eating and growing | 163 | |
| 1409762999 | transition from larva t adult is achieved through_____ but with out forming a _____ | multiple molts pupa | 164 | |
| 1409763000 | molts multiple times and does form a pupa | complete metamorphosis | 165 | |
| 1409763001 | insects have three distinct body parts | head thorax abdomen | 166 | |
| 1409763002 | most adult insects have __ pairs of legs | three | 167 | |
| 1409763003 | insects are the only invertebrates that can | fly | 168 | |
| 1409763004 | sea stars and sand dollars, slow moving or sessile marine animals | echinoderms | 169 | |
| 1409763005 | unique to echinoderms | water vascular system | 170 | |
| 1409763006 | network of water filled canals that branch into extensions called tube feet | water vascular system | 171 | |
| 1409763007 | tube feet function in | locomotion feeding and gas exchange | 172 | |
| 1409763008 | some echinoderms are capable of | regeneration | 173 | |
| 1409763009 | sea stars are ______ and sea urchins eat _____ | carnivores algae | 174 | |
| 1409763010 | a flexible supportive longitudinal rod located between the digestive tract and the nerve cord | notochord | 175 | |
| 1409763011 | located in the pharynx the region just behind the mouth | pharyngeal slits | 176 | |
| 1409763012 | small bladelike chordates that live in marine sands | lancelets | 177 | |
| 1409763013 | four chordate characteristics in summary | nerve cord notochord pharyngeal slits tail | 178 | |
| 1409763014 | master control genes (body building genes ) are called | homeotic genes | 179 |
