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Chapter 20 and chapter 21 Flashcards

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304089815Assimilationan effort to transform colonial societies in the Western image0
304089816Associationcollaboration with local elites while leaving local traditions alone1
304089817BoersSouth African descendants of original Dutch settlers, fought with the British2
304089818Caliphthe secular leader of the Islamic community3
304089819Capitalmaterial wealth used or available for use in the production of more wealth4
304089820Direct rulecolonial approach wherein rule was carried out directly by the Europeans, often associated with the French approach5
304089822Folk culturethe traditional arts and crafts, literature, music, and other customs of the: people; something that people make, as opposed to modern popular culture, which is something people buy6
304089823Free tradethe unrestricted international exchange of goods with low or no tariffs7
304089824Indirect rulecolonial approach wherein local rule is carried out by European-supported native officials, often associated with the British approach8
304089825Khedivehereditary pasha of Egypt starting with Muhammad Ali9
304089826"Legitimate trade"how the Europeans referred to trade in raw materials and finished goods with the Africans as compared to the slave trade10
304089830Quinineextract from the bark of the cinchona tree, provided partial immunity to malaria11
304089831Rajterm for British rule in India, term came from Indian raja or prince12
304089832Self-determinationthe doctrine that the people of a given territory or a particular nationality should have the right to determine their own government and political future13
304089833Sepoysnative troops hired by the East India Company to protect company interests14
304089834ShanghaiedEnglish term for getting workers by unscrupulous means15
304089835ZamindarsIndian tax collectors who were assigned land, from which they kept part of the revenue16
304089836Bakufucentral government during the Tokugawa Shogunate17
304089837Daimyoprominent Japanese families who provided allegiance to the local shogun in exchange for protection; similar to feudal lords in Europe18
304089838Economic imperialismthe process in which banks and corporations from developed nations invest in underdeveloped regions and establish a major presence there in the hope of making high profits; not necessarily the same as colonial expansion in that businesses invest where they can make a profit, which may not be in their own nation's colonies.19
304089839Etatraditional slave class in Japan, their legal restrictions eliminated in 1871 as part of the Meiji Restoration20
304089840Genroelder statesmen from the Sat-Cho clique, modernizing samurai who played a key role in the Meiji Restoration21
304089841Isolationisma foreign policy in which a nation refrains from making alliances or engaging actively in international affairs.22
304089842Kokutaicore ideology of the Japanese state after the Meiji restoration that embodied concept of Japanese uniqueness with the supreme authority of the emperor23
304089843Meiji Restorationthe period during the late 19th and early 20th century in which fundamental economic and cultural changes occurred in Japan, transforming it from a fundamentally feudal and agrarian society to an industrial and technological society24
304089844Militarisma policy of aggressive military preparedness; in particular, the large armies based on mass conscription and complex, inflexible plans for mobilization that most European nations had before World War I.25
304089845Nationalisma sense of national consciousness based on awareness of being part of a community-a nation-that has common institutions, traditions, language, and customs and that becomes the focus of the individual's primary political loyalty.26
304089846New imperialismthe revival of imperialism after 1880 in which European nations established colonies throughout much of Asia and Africa.27
304089847Open DoorU.S. policy towards China, product of U.S. Secretary of State John Hay, proposal to ensure equal economic access to Chinese market for all states28
304089848Samurailiterally retainer; similar to European knights. Usually in service to a particular shogun, these warriors lived by a strict code of ethics and duty.29
304089849Sat-Choalliance between two outside daimyo territories, Satsuma and Choshu, forced the Tokugawa shogun to promise to end relations with the West30
304089850Self-strengtheningmovement in the late Qing period, Western technology would be adopted while Confucian principles and institutions would remain intacts31
304089851Shogunate systemsystem the system of government in Japan in which the emperor exercised only titular authority while the shogun (regional military dictators) exercised actual political power.32
304089852Sphere of influenceterritory or region over which an outside nation exercises political or economic influence.33
308389734Three obediencestraditional constraints on Japanese women, child to father, wife to husband, widow to son34
308389735Tongmenghuithe political organization-Revolutionary Alliance-formed by Sun Yat-sen in 1905 which united various revolutionary factions and ultimately toppled the Manchu dynasty.35
308389736Zaibatsupowerful business cartels formed in Japan during the Meiji era and outlawed following World War II.36

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