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| 306996767 | absolutism | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) | 0 | |
| 306996768 | Anglicans | Followers of the Church of England after the King divorced his wife | 1 | |
| 306996769 | Calvinists | Doctrine was similar to that of Lutherans' except Calvinists also believed in *predestination* and the insignificance of humanity. | 2 | |
| 306996770 | capitalism | an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. | 3 | |
| 306996771 | Catherine the Great | This was the empress of Russia who continued Peter's goal to Westernizing Russia, created a new law code, and greatly expanded Russia | 4 | |
| 306996772 | constitutional states | Representative institutions, shared power and authority, wealthy merchants prominent, maritime trade favored, England, Netherlands. | 5 | |
| 306996773 | Enlightenment | a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions | 6 | |
| 306996774 | Galileo Galilei | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars | 7 | |
| 306996775 | Habsburgs | German princely family who ruled in alliance with the Holy Roman Empire and controlled most of Central Europe | 8 | |
| 306996776 | Isaac Newton | English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. His treatise on gravitation, presented in Principia Mathematica (1687), was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple. | 9 | |
| 306996777 | Johannes Kepler | German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630) | 10 | |
| 306996778 | Louis XIV | king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715) | 11 | |
| 306996779 | Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. | 12 | |
| 306996780 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543) | 13 | |
| 306996781 | Ninety-five theses | This was the letter Martin Luther wrote to Archbishop Albert which explained that indulgences undermined the seriousness of the sacrament of penance | 14 | |
| 306996782 | Peace of Westphalia | Treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War (1648) and readjusted the religious and political affairs of Europe. | 15 | |
| 306996783 | Peter the Great | czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government | 16 | |
| 306996784 | Society of Jesus | a Roman Catholic order founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 to defend Catholicism against the Reformation and to do missionary work among the heathen | 17 |
