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Chapter 22 Flashcards

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152958208Nikita Khrushcheva party secretary and premier of the USSR0
152958209deStalinizationa process that led to reforms, such as loosening government censorship of the press, decentralization of economic decision-making, and reconstructing of the collective farms1
152958210Mikhail Gorbachevreplaced Brezhneb; looked and acted more western and was open to more western style reforms2
152958211Glasnostopenness; allowed more open discusion of poltical, social, and economical issues, as well as open critisism of the government3
152958212Democratizationthe process of creating a government elected by the people4
152958213Perestroikahis most radicle and least succesful reform, tried to keep old soviet structure and tried to modernize from within5
152958214Boris Yelstinelected president of the Russian republic, and former politburo; member who lead protests against the KGB6
152958215Vladimir Putinpresident of USSR; set out to redefine Russias place in the world7
152958216Containmentkeeping communism from spreading8
152958217Detentepeaceful coexistance of the soviet union9
152958218Osama Bin Ladenhead of the Al-qadea10
152958219Al-qadeainternational terrorist organization that claimed responsibilty for the attacks on Twin Towers11
152958220Saddam HusseinIraqi leader who waged war against Iran12
152958221Weapons of Mass Destructionnuclear, chemical, and biological weapons that can kill tens of thousands of people all at once13
152958222Preemptionprinciple of attacking before being attacked14
152958223Command Economyno private ownership of property15
152958224Deng XiaopingChinese communist statesman (1904-1997)16
152958225Socialist Market Economythe gradual infusuion of capitalism while still retaining state control17
152958226Household Responsibilty Systemindividual families take charge of the production and marketing of crops18
152958227Private businessincluded urban co-ops, service organizations, and rural industries that largely operate as a capitalist enterprise19
152958228Special economic zonesforiegn investers were given preferential tax rates and other incentives20
152958229Tiananmen Crisisspring 1989-demonstrations of students and intellectuals against inflation and corruption21
152958230Supranational organizationsreflect the trend toward intergration22
152958231Intergrationsa process that encourages states to pull their soverinty in order to gain political economic and social clout23
152958232Globalizationan intergration of social, environmental, economic, and cultural actvities of nations that has resulted from increasing international contacts24
152958233Fragmentationa tendancy of people to base their loyalty on ethinicity, language, religion, or cultural identity25
152958234world trade organizationorganization of member states who have agreed to rules of world trade among nations26
152958235World bankfocuses today on loaning money to low and middle income countries at modest interest rates27
152958236european uniona regional organization that promises to redefine the meaning of sovierenty28
152958237North American free trade agreementits goal is to more closely intergrate the countries economies by eliminating tarriffs and reducing restrictions so that companies can expand into all countries freely29
152958238more developed countriesthose that have experienced industrialization30
152958239less developed countriesthose who have not experienced industrialization31
152958240compressed modernityrepid economic and political change that transformed the coutnry into a stable nation with democratizing political institutions a growing economy and an expanding web of nongovernmental institutions32
152958241modernization modelmodel showing britian was the first country to begin to develop its industry33
152958242dependency theoryprimary responsibility for global poverty on rich nations34
152958243market economyfollow free market principles without government control35
152958244mixed economyallows significant control from central government36
152958245marketizationa states creation of a market in which property, labor, goods, and services can all function in a competitive environment to determine their value37
152958246privitizationthe transfer of state owned property to private ownership38
152958247megacitiesmetropolies in the world that have populations of more than 10 million39
152958248demographic transitionchange in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates40
152958249green revolutiona collection of new agricultural techniques; involved the use of new higher yeild seeds and expanded the use of fertilizers41
152958250human rights movementChanging the way society views the rights of all of its memebers including minorities, clients with terminal illness (euthenasia), pregnant women, and older adults.42
152958251universal declaration of human rightsa document sponsereed by the UN and signed by the UNs grand assembly in 194843
152958252nongovernmental organizationsNonprofit international organizations devoted to investigating human rights abuses and providing humanitarian relief44
152958253modernismvalues that included secularism and emphases on reason, materialism, technology, bureaucracy, and emphases on freedom rather than collective equality45
152958254post-modernismset of values that emphasizes quality of life over concern with material gain46
152958255cultural globalizationspread of western culture to other parts of the globe47
152958256cultural imperialismDomination of one culture over another by a deliberate policy or by economic or technological superiority48
152958257global pop cultureallows many ordinary people access to dress, food, music, movies, and TV shows that reflect American culture49
152958258nationalismidentities based in nationhood50
152958259politicization of religionthe use of religious principles to promote political ends and vise versa51
152958260stateless nationspeople of a common identity without a coorisponding state organized by a central government52

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