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| 6310993107 | Prince Henry | (1394-1460) Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire. |  | 0 |
| 6310993108 | East India Company | An English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and southeastern Asia. |  | 1 |
| 6310993109 | Cross Staff | Device that sailors used to determine latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or the pole star above the horizon. |  | 2 |
| 6310993110 | Christopher Columbus | An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journies until the time of his death in 1503. |  | 3 |
| 6310993111 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world. |  | 4 |
| 6310993112 | Vitus Bering | What is the name of the Russian explorer who found the sea between Asia and North America? |  | 5 |
| 6310993113 | James Cook | English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779). |  | 6 |
| 6310993114 | Afonso d' Alboquerque |  | 7 | |
| 6310993115 | Reconquista | Beginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms. |  | 8 |
| 6310993116 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. |  | 9 |
| 6310993117 | VOC | (adj.) loud and noisy; compelling attention |  | 10 |
| 6310993118 | Volta do mar | "return through the sea" rather than trying desperately to hug the coast, they actually went into open water, abandoning shoreline and slowly zigzagging into the wind North until they could get to the Wester Winds "Return through the sea"- rather than trying to hug the coast, they would go out into open water and zig zag through the winds until they caught the westerly winds Drastically changed Portugeuse trade "Return through the Sea", with the breakthrough of the Compass in the 15th century, they began leaving the shoreline and realized the trade winds took them back to their destination more quickly. This process included zig zaging (tacking) through the ocean to make sure one didn't get stuck in any specific current or prevailing wind. |  | 11 |
| 6310993119 | Seven years' war | Fought between France/Russia and Prussia- Frederick kept fighting against heavy odds and was saved when Peter III took Russian throne and called off the war. |  | 12 |
| 6310993120 | Colombian exchange | the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa |  | 13 |
| 6310993121 | Galleons | Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain; basis for convoy system utilized by Spain for transportation of bullion. |  | 14 |
| 6310993122 | Joint stock companies | Companies that financed the settlement of America. |  | 15 |
| 6310993123 | English | English |  | 16 |
