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| 50889057 | Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. | 0 | |
| 50889058 | John Calvin | French humanist whose theological writings profoundly influenced religious thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion | 1 | |
| 50889059 | Ignatius Loyola | Organized people to spread Catholic faith; established Jesuits | 2 | |
| 50889060 | Henry VIII | English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval) | 3 | |
| 50889061 | Nicolaus Copernicus | suggested that the sun, not Earth, was the center of our solar system (heliocentric) | 4 | |
| 50889062 | Galileo Galilei | Scientist who built the first telescope and proved that planets and moons move. Persecuted for supporting Copernicus' ideas | 5 | |
| 50889063 | Isaac Newton | English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. His treatise on gravitation, presented in Principia Mathematica (1687), was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple. | 6 | |
| 50889064 | Adam Smith | Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790) | 7 | |
| 50889065 | Voltaire | French, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institutions. Wrote Candide. Believed enlightened despot best form of government. | 8 | |
| 50889066 | 95 these | document written by martin luther detailiing wht he believed to be the problems in the medieval church led to the beginning of the reformation | 9 | |
| 50889067 | Protestant reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 10 | |
| 50889068 | Catholic reformation | Restatement of traditional Catholic beliefs in response to Protestant Reformation (16th century); established councils that revived Catholic doctrine and refuted Protestant beliefs. | 11 | |
| 50889069 | Jesuits | This was the group of people that was important in converting Asians and Latin Americans to Catholicism which allowed for the mass spread of Christianity | 12 | |
| 50889070 | thirty years war | this war started because of the dissatisfaction between Catholics and protestants with the peace of augsburg. it was the last war fought over religion | 13 | |
| 50889071 | Spanish inquisition | the Inquisition that guarded the orthodoxy of Catholicism in Spain (especially from the 15th to the 17th centuries) | 14 | |
| 50889072 | Absolutism | A political theory holding that all power should be vested in one ruler or other authority. | 15 | |
| 50889073 | elightenment | It developed as a result of the scientific revolution | 16 | |
| 50889074 | philosophes | Thinkers of the Enlightenment; Wanted to educate the socially elite, but not the masses; were not allowed to openly criticize church or state, so used satire and double-meaning in their writings to avoid being banned; Salons held by wealthy women also kept philosophes safe; They considered themselves part of an intellectual community, and wrote back and forth to each other to share ideas. | 17 | |
| 50889075 | deism | The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life., the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation | 18 |
