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| 6053195532 | Toussaint L'Overture | leader of slave rebellion on the French sugar island of St. Domingue in 1791; led to creation of independent republic of Haiti in 1804 | 0 | |
| 6053197803 | Miguel de Hidalgo | Mexican priest who established independence movement among American Indians and mestizos in 1810; despite early victories, was captured and executed | 1 | |
| 6053198511 | Augustin de iturbide | Conservative Creole officer in Mexican army who signed agreement with insurgent forces of independence; combined forces entered Mexico City in 1821; later proclaimed emperor of Mexico until its collapse in 1824 | 2 | |
| 6053199105 | Simon Bolivar | Creole military officer in northern South America; won series of victories in in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador between 1817 and 1822; military success led to creation of independent state of Gran Colombia | 3 | |
| 6053199106 | Gran Columbia | independent state created in South America as a result of military successes of Simon Bolivar; existed only until 1803, at which time Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador became separate nations | 4 | |
| 6053199881 | Pedro I | son and successor of Joao VI in Brazil; aided in the declaration of Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822; became constitutional emperor of Brazil | 5 | |
| 6053199882 | Caudillos | independent leaders who dominated local areas by force in defiance of national policies; sometimes seized national governments to impose their concept of rule; typical throughout newly independent countries of latin america. | 6 | |
| 6053200561 | Centralists | latin american politicians who wished to create a strong, centralized national governments with broad powers; often supported by politicians who described themselves as conservatives | 7 | |
| 6053200562 | Federalists | Latin American politicians who wanted policies, especially fiscal and commercial regulation, to be set by regional governments rather than centralized national administrations; often supported by politicians who described themselves as liberals | 8 | |
| 6053201375 | Monroe Doctrine | A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. | 9 | |
| 6053201376 | Positivism | French philosophy based on observation and scientific approach to problems of society; adopted by many Latin American liberals in the aftermath of independence | 10 | |
| 6053202822 | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna | Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876) | 11 | |
| 6053204248 | Manifest Destiny | belief of the government of the US that it was destined to rule the continent from coast to coast; led to the annexation of Texas from the Mexican-American War | 12 | |
| 6053204249 | Mexican-American War | War from 1846-1848 leading to a loss of nearly half of Mexico's territory to the U.S | 13 | |
| 6053206156 | Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | The Agreement ending the Mexican-American war; resulted in the loss of texas and California to the U.S, left a widespread American distrust of Latin America | 14 | |
| 6053206766 | Benito Juarez | Indian governor of state of Oaxaca in Mexico; leader of liberal rebellion against Santa Anna; liberal government defeated by French intervention under Emperor Napoleon III of France and est of Mexico under Maximilian; restored to power in 1867 until his death in 1872 | 15 | |
| 6053207514 | Maximilian von Habsburg | Proclaimed emperor of Mexico following intervention of France in 1862; ruled until overthrow and execution by liberal revolutionaries under Benito Juárez in 1867. | 16 | |
| 6053208737 | Argentine Republic | Replaced the state of Buenos Aires in 1862 as a result of the compromise between the centralist and federalist | 17 | |
| 6053209527 | Fazendas | Coffee estates that spread into the Brazilian interior between 1840 and 1860; caused intensification of slavery. | 18 | |
| 6053210652 | Modernization Theory | A model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of technological and cultural differences between nations | 19 | |
| 6053210653 | Dependency Theory | A model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones. | 20 | |
| 6053211982 | Porfirio Diaz | Dictator who dominated Mexico, permitted foreign companies to develop natural resources and had allowed landowners to buy much of the countries land from poor peasants. Had power 1876-1911 | 21 | |
| 6053213010 | Cientificos | Advisors of government of Porfirio Díaz who were strongly influenced by positivist ideas; permitted government to project image of modernization. | 22 | |
| 6053213011 | Spanish-American War | War fought between Spain and the U.S in 1898; Centered on Cuba and Puerto Rico; permitted American intervention in Caribbean, annexation of Puerto Rico and the Philippines | 23 | |
| 6053213869 | Panama Canal | An aspect of American intervention in Latin America; resulted from United States support for a Panamanian independence movement in return for a grant to exclusive rights to a canal across the Panama isthmus; provided short route from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean; completed 1914 | 24 | |
| 6053213870 | Selim III | sultan who ruled Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807; aimed at improving administrative efficiency and building a new army and navy; toppled by Janissaries in 1807 | 25 | |
| 6053214821 | Mahmud II | (1785-1839) Ottoman sultan; built a private, professional army; fomented revolution of Janissaries and crushed them with private army; destroyed power of Janissaries and their religious allies; initiated reform of Ottoman Empire on Western precedents | 26 | |
| 6053214822 | Tanzimat Reforms | Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style universities, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876 | 27 | |
| 6053216950 | Abdul Hamid | Ottoman sultan who attempted to return to despotic absolutism during reign from 1878 to 1908; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties; deposed in coup in 1908 | 28 | |
| 6053216951 | Ottoman Society for Union and Progress | Organization of political agitators in opposition to rule of Abdul Harmid; also called the "Young Turks"; desired to restore 1876 constitution. | 29 | |
| 6053218147 | Mamluks | Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the ninth and tenth centuries; they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to early sixteenth centuries | 30 | |
| 6053218148 | Murad | (1790-1820) Head of the coalition of Mamluk rulers in Egypt; opposed Napoleonic invasion of Egypt and suffered devastating defeat; failure destroyed Mamluk government in Egypt and revealed vulnerability of Muslim core. | 31 | |
| 6053219545 | Muhammad Ali | Won power struggle in Egypt following fall of Mamluks; established mastery of all Egypt by 1811; introduced effective army based on Western tactics and supply and a variety of other reforms; by 1830s was able to challenge Ottoman government in Constantinople; died 1848 | 32 | |
| 6053219546 | Khedives | Descendants of Muhammad Ali in Egypt after 1867; formal rulers of Egypt despite French and English intervention until overthrown by military coup in 1952. | 33 | |
| 6053220442 | Suez Canal | Built across Isthmus of Suez to connect Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea in 1869; financed by European investors; with increasing indebtedness of khedives, permitted intervention of British into Egyptian politics to protect their investment | 34 | |
| 6053220443 | Mahdi | In Sufi belief system, a promise deliverer; also a name given to Muhammad Achmad, leader of late 19th century revolt against Egyptians and British in the Sudan | 35 | |
| 6053220444 | Nurachi | (1559-1626) Architect of Manchu unity; created distinctive Manchu banner armies; controlled most of Manchuria; adopted Chinese bureaucracy and court ceremonies in Manchuria; entered China and successfully captured Ming capital at Beijing. | 36 | |
| 6053221304 | Banner Armies | Eight armies of the Manchu tribes identified by separate flags; created by Nurhaci in early 17th century; utilized to defeat Ming emperor and establish Qing dynasty. | 37 | |
| 6053221305 | Kangxi | Confucian scholar and Manchu emperor of Qing dynasty from 1661 to 1722; established high degree of Sinification among the Manchus | 38 | |
| 6053223116 | compradors | Wealthy new group of Chinese merchants under the Qing dynasty; specialized in the import-export trade on Chian's south coast; one of the major links between China and the outside world | 39 | |
| 6053223117 | Lin Zexu | (1785-1850) Distinguished Chinese official charged with stamping out opium trade in southern China; ordered blockade of European trading areas in Canton and confiscation of opium; sent into exile following the Opium War | 40 | |
| 6053223875 | Opium war | Fought between the British and Qing China beginning in 1839; fought to protect British trade in opium; resulted in resounding British victory, opening of Hong Kong as British port of trade | 41 | |
| 6053225734 | Taiping Rebellion | Broke out in south China in the 1850s and early 1860s; led by Hong Xiuquan, a semi-Christianized prophet; sought to overthrow Qing dynasty and Confucian basis of scholar-gentry | 42 | |
| 6053225735 | Cixi | Ultraconservative dowager empress who dominated the last decades of the Qing dynasty; supported Boxer Rebellion in 1898 as a means of driving out Westerners. | 43 | |
| 6053226367 | Boxer Rebellion | popular outburst in 1898 aimed at expelling foreigners from china; failed because of intervention of armies of western powers in china; defeat of chinese enhanced control by europeans and the power of provincial officials | 44 | |
| 6053226368 | Sun Yat-Sen | Head of Revolutionary Alliance, organization that led 1911 revolt against Qing dynasty in China; briefly elected president in 1911, but yielded in favor of Yuan Shikai in 1912; created Nationalist party of China (Guomindang) in 1919; died in 1925 | 45 | |
| 6053228242 | Puyi | Last emperor of China; deposed as emperor while still a small boy in 1912 | 46 |
