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Chapter 25 New Worlds: The Americas and Oceania Flashcards

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5925557858TainosIndigenous people met by Spanish mariners; forced into slavery in gold mines; rebellions outgunned by Spanish military tech; smallpox also contributed to disappearance of society0
5925557859HispaniolaHaiti-Dominican Republic; used by Columbus as base for trading with Tainos1
5925557860EncomiendaForced labor2
5925557861Caribbean; sugarcane; slavesLimited production of gold caused Spanish interest in exploiting the _____ for _____ production, which required massive importation of _____.3
5925557862Hernan CortesBrought down Aztec empire in Mexico; smallpox later destroyed besieged Tenochtitlan4
5925557863Francisco PizarroBrought down Inca empire in Peru; called conference of warring Inca rulers and massacred them5
5925557864New SpainMexico6
5925557865New CastilePeru7
5925557866ViceroysGovernors; Spanish colonial administration8
5925557867Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)Divides entire (non-Christian, so far) world between Spain and Portugal; Portugal claims Brazil for sugarcane production9
5925557868Nova Scotia, QuebecPermanent French colonies in North America (2)10
5925557869Jamestown, Massachusetts BayPermanent English colonies in North America (2)11
5925557870New AmsterdamPermanent Dutch (Netherlands) colony in North America (renamed New York by the English) (1)12
5925557871English, French; Spanish, Portugese_____ and _____ colonies had greater levels of self-government than _____ and _____ colonies.13
5925557872Mestizo"Mixed" societies in Spanish territory; people of Spanish and native parentage14
5925557873MulattoesDescendants of Spaniards and African slaves15
5925557874ZambosDescendants of African slaves and natives16
5925557875PeninsularesEuropean migrants from Iberia; at top of colonial Spanish social hierarchy17
5925557876CriollosChildren of migrants from Iberia; second class in hierarchy18
5925557877MetisChildren of fur traders and North American native women19
5925557878Gold; silver_____ was not extensive in Spanish holdings, but _____ was relatively plentiful.20
5925557879MitaIncan system of conscripted labor in mines; employment of natives by the Spanish; dangerous working conditions21
5925557880QuintoProfit for Spaniards in colonies (1/5 reserved for crown)22
5925557881Manila Galleons; silver_____ _____ took _____ to the Pacific Rim for trading.23
5925557882HaciendaLarge estates producing products of European origin24
5925557883Debt patronageEncomienda was later replaced with _____ _____25
5925557884EgenhoRefers to the sugar mill and the complex of labor, land, etc. that came with the industry; low profit margins26
5925557885African slavesUnlike the Spanish system of forced native labor, the Portugese relied on imported _____ _____.27
5925557886Franciscan, Dominican, JesuitMissionary activity in the Americas included _____, _____, and _____ missionaries.28
5925557887Virgin of GuadalupeMajor Christian symbol of Mexico; represents mestizo woman/cultural syncreticism29
5925557888French, English; Spanish_____ and _____ missions were less effective than _____ missions.30
5925557889AustraliaDutch VOC surveyed territory of _____ and concluded that it was of little value.31
5925557890AtahualpaIncan ruler spared by Pizarro UNTIL he delivered gold.32
5925557891EncomenderoSpanish settlers who compelled Tainos to work and encouraged conversion to Christianity33
5925557892AudenciasReview of courts staffed by educated lawyers; kings of Spain subjected their viceroys to these.34
5925557893Motecuzoma IIAztec emperor seized by Cortes35
5925557894Pero Alvares CabralPortugese mariner; stopped in Brazil while going through Atlantic to India36
5925557895Alvar Nunez Cabeza de VacaSpanish nobleman and adventurer who went into interior regions of American continents37
5925557896James CookBritish colonist; only after his chartering of the eastern coast did Europeans become seriously interested in Australia38
5925557897Ferdinand MagellanHim and his crew became first Europeans to cross the Pacific; before reaching the Philippines, encountered Marianas island group (Guam)39

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