Key
Terms
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| 328341337 | Murad | Head of the coalition of Mamluk rulers in Egypt; opposed Napoleonic invasion of Egypt and suffered devastating defeat; failure destroyed Mamluk government in Egypt and revealed vulnerability of Muslim core. | 0 | |
| 328341338 | Compradors | Wealthy new group of Chinese merchants under the Qing dynasty; specialized in the import-export trade on Chian's south coast; one of the major links between China and the outside world | 1 | |
| 328341339 | Cixi | Conservative dowager empress who dominated the last decades of the Qing dynasty. | 2 | |
| 328341340 | Puyi | Last emperor of China; deposed as emperor while still a small boy in 1912 | 3 | |
| 328341341 | Muhammad abduh | Egyptian intellectual who launched modern Islamic reform movement; said Islam should return to purity of earliest, most essential doctrines, but still flexible and reasoned approach to change and foreign social ideas | 4 | |
| 328341342 | Tanzimat reforms | Series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style universities, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876 | 5 | |
| 328341343 | Qing | the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries | 6 | |
| 328341344 | Taiping rebellion | The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. | 7 | |
| 328341345 | Sun Yat-sen | This man was a radical Chinese reformer who sought to overthrow the government | 8 | |
| 328341346 | Kangxi | Qing emperor (r. 1662-1722). He oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing Empire. | 9 | |
| 328341347 | Mahdi | The last Imam for the Twelvers, believe that he disappeared but will return to save them | 10 | |
| 328341348 | Opium War | War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government's refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories. The victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking on China. (p. 684) | 11 | |
| 328341349 | Suez Canal | a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea | 12 | |
| 328341350 | Mahmud II | Ottoman sultan; built a private, professional army; fomented revolution of Janissaries and crushed them with private army; destroyed power of Janissaries and their religious allies; initiated reform of Ottoman Empire on Western precedents | 13 | |
| 328341351 | Ottoman | the Turkish dynasty that ruled the Ottoman Empire from the 13th century to its dissolution after World War I | 14 | |
| 328341352 | Muhammad Ali | Leader of Egyptian modernization in the early nineteenth century. He ruled Egypt as an Ottoman governor, but had imperial ambitions. His descendants ruled Egypt until overthrown in 1952. | 15 | |
| 328341353 | Nurhaci | architect of Manchu unity; created distinctive Manchu banner armies; controlled most of Manchuria; adopted Chinese bureaucracy and court ceremonies in Manchuria; entered China and successfully captured Ming capital at Beijing. | 16 | |
| 328341354 | Abdul Hamid | Ottoman sultan who attempted to return to despotic absolutism during reign from 1878 to 1908; nullified constitution and restricted civil liberties; deposed in coup in 1908 | 17 | |
| 328341355 | Hong Xiuquan | leader of the Taiping rebellion; converted to specifically Chinese form of Christianity; attacked traditional Confucian teachers of Chinese elite | 18 | |
| 328341356 | Boxer Rebellion | 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops | 19 |
