From traditions and encounters, 4th edition
Southwest Asia and south Asia must know voc
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| 221390359 | Ancestor Worship | Belief that dead ancestors can influence one's fortunes in life. Those who practice often conduct rituals and ceremonies to the memory or remains of their ancestors. | 0 | |
| 221390360 | Aryans | European tribes who settled in India after 1500 B.C.E.; their union with indigenous Dravidians formed the basis of Hinduism. | 1 | |
| 221390361 | Assyrians | Southwest Asian people who built an empire that reached its height during the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.E.; it was known for a powerful army and a well-structured state. | 2 | |
| 221390362 | Babylon | Mesopotamian empire with a centralized bureaucracy and Law Code centered around its capital, Babylon. | 3 | |
| 221390363 | Bronze | Material made from copper and tin used for weapons and agricultural tools. | 4 | |
| 221390364 | City-state | Urban areas that controlled surrounding agricultural regions and that were often loosely connected in a broader political structure with other city-states. | 5 | |
| 221390365 | Cuneiform | Written language of the Sumerians, probably the first written script in the world. | 6 | |
| 221390366 | Gilgamesh | Legendary king of the Mesopotamian city-state of Uruk (ca. 3000 B.C.E.), subject of the Epic of Gilgamesh, world's oldest complete epic literary masterpiece. | 7 | |
| 221390367 | Hammurabi's Code | Sophisticated law code associated with the Babylonian king Hammurabi (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.). | 8 | |
| 221390368 | Hanging Gardens | Gardens at the palace of the New Babylonian empire (600-550 B.C.E.) that showed off its great wealth and luxury. | 9 | |
| 221390369 | Hittites | Group that settles in central Anatolia around 2000 B.C.E., establishes powerful kingdoms, conquers the Babylonian empire in 1595 B.C.E., and dissolves about 1200 B.C.E. Technological feats include iron metallurgy and light horse-drawn chariots. | 10 | |
| 221390370 | Indo-Europeans | Series of tribes from southern Russia who, over a period of millennia, embarked on a series of migrations from India through western Europe; their greatest legacy was the broad distribution of Indo-European languages throughout Eurasia. | 11 | |
| 221390371 | Iron | Material used for weapons and tools that became cheap and more widely available around 1000 B.C.E. | 12 | |
| 221390372 | Lex talionis | "Law of retaliation," laws in which offenders suffered punishments similar to their crimes; the most famous example is Hammurabi's Laws. | 13 | |
| 221390373 | Mesopotamia | Term meaning "between the rivers," in this case the Tigris and Euphrates; Sumer and Akkad are two of the earliest societies. | 14 | |
| 221390374 | Monotheism | Belief in only one god, a rare concept in the ancient world | 15 | |
| 221390375 | Patriarchy | System of social organization in which males dominate the family and where public institutions, descent, and succession are traced through the male line. | 16 | |
| 221390376 | Phoenicians | A maritime civilization of the Mediterranean that developed extensive trade and communication networks as well as an early alphabetical script (1500 B.C.E). | 17 | |
| 221390377 | Sumerians | Earliest Mesopotamian society. | 18 | |
| 221390378 | Ten Commandments | Moral and ethical standards for followers of Moses. | 19 | |
| 221390379 | Torah | Compilation of teachings that guide Judaism. | 20 | |
| 221390380 | Compilation of teachings that guide Judaism. | language that is predominant in Pakistan. | 21 | |
| 221390381 | Yahweh | God of the monotheistic religion of Judaism that influenced later Christianity and Islam. | 22 | |
| 221390382 | Ziggurats | Mesopotamian Temples | 23 | |
| 221390383 | Aryans | European tribes who settled in India after 1500 B.C.E.; their union with indigenous Dravidians formed the basis of Hinduism. | 24 | |
| 221390384 | Brahmins | Hindu caste of priests | 25 | |
| 221390385 | Dravidians | Peoples who produced the brilliant Harappan society in India, 3000-1500 B.C.E. | 26 | |
| 221390386 | Harappan | Early brilliant Indian society centered around Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. | 27 | |
| 221390387 | Indra | Early Indian god associated with the Aryans; Indra was the king of the gods and was associated with warfare and thunderbolts. | 28 | |
| 221390388 | Jati | Indian word for a Hindu subcaste. | 29 | |
| 221390389 | Karma | Hindu concept that the sum of good and bad in a person's life will determine his or her status in the next life. | 30 | |
| 221390390 | Kshatriyas | Hindu caste of warriors and aristocrats. | 31 | |
| 221390391 | Lawbook of Manu | A moral code prepared in the first century B.C.E. in India dictating the role of women in Indian society. | 32 | |
| 221390392 | Moksha | Hindu concept of the salvation of the soul. | 33 | |
| 221390393 | Neolithic | New Stone Age (10,000-4000 B.C.E.), which was marked by the discovery and mastery of agriculture. | 34 | |
| 221390394 | Prakit | Daily-use language of the early Aryans | 35 | |
| 221390395 | Samsara | Hindu term for the concept of transmigration, that is, the soul passing into a new incarnation. | 36 | |
| 221390396 | Sanskrit | Sacred language of the early Aryans | 37 | |
| 221390397 | Sati | Also known as suttee, Indian practice of a widow throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband. | 38 | |
| 221390398 | Shudras | Hindu caste of landless peasants and serfs. | 39 | |
| 221390399 | Upanishads | Indian reflections and dialogues (800-400 B.C.E.) that reflected basic Hindu concepts. | 40 | |
| 221390400 | Vaishyas | Hindu caste of cultivators, artisans, and merchants. | 41 | |
| 221390401 | Varna | Hindu word for caste. | 42 | |
| 221390402 | Vedas | "Wisdom," early collections of prayers and hymns that provide information about the Indo-European Aryans who migrated into India around 1500 B.C.E.; Rig Veda is most important collection. | 43 | |
| 221390403 | Varuna | Aryan god who watched over the behavior of mortals and preserved the cosmic order. | 44 |
