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| 142798765 | Boxer Rebellion | Movement (1899-1900) in which local militias attacked foreigners and Chinese Christians. Eventually put down by European and Japanese troops. | 0 | |
| 142798766 | Boyar | A Russian noble. | 1 | |
| 142798767 | Capitulation | Highly unfavorable trading agreements that the Ottoman Turks signed with the Europeans in the nineteenth century that symbolized the decline of the Ottomans. | 2 | |
| 142798768 | Christianity | Religion emerging from Middle East in the first century C.E. holding Jesus to be the son of God who sacrificed himself on behalf of mankind. | 3 | |
| 142798769 | Civil Code of 1804 | Napoleon's reform that granted political and legal equality to all men. | 4 | |
| 142798770 | Cohong | Specially licensed Chinese firms that were under strict government regulation. | 5 | |
| 142798771 | Confucianism | Philosophy, based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi (551-479 B.C.E.), or Confucius, that emphasizes order, the role of the gentleman, obligation to society, and reciprocity. | 6 | |
| 142798772 | Crimean War | Conflict between Russia and an Ottoman empire supported by a European coalition from 1853 to 1856. Russia lost, and the tsars were forced to reform their army and industry. | 7 | |
| 142798773 | Daimyo | Powerful territorial lords in early modern Japan. | 8 | |
| 142798774 | Diet | Legislative body created as one of the Meiji government's reforms or "gifts" to the people in 1889. | 9 | |
| 142798775 | Duma | Russian parliament, established after the Revolution of 1905. | 10 | |
| 142798776 | East India Company | British joint-stock company that grew to be a state within a state in India; it possessed its own armed forces. | 11 | |
| 142798777 | Grand Canal | Project that integrated the economies of northern and southern China. | 12 | |
| 142798778 | Hundred Days of Reform | Chinese reforms of 1898 led by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao in their desire to turn China into a modern industrial power. | 13 | |
| 142798779 | Intelligentsia | Term referring to the new social class of Russian intellectuals. | 14 | |
| 142798780 | Islam | Monotheistic religion of the prophet Muhammad (570-632); influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture; the Qu'ran is the holy book of Islam. | 15 | |
| 142798781 | Janissaries | Slave troops serving the Ottoman Empire. | 16 | |
| 142798782 | Jesuits | Group founded by Ignatius Loyola in 1540 that maintained high educational standards and served worldwide as missionaries. | 17 | |
| 142798783 | Manchus | Manchurians who conquered China, putting an end to the Ming dynasty and founding the Qing dynasty (1644-1911). | 18 | |
| 142798784 | Meiji Restoration | Restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Meiji in 1868 by a coalition led by ***uzawa Yukichi and Ito Hirobumi; the restoration enacted western reforms to strengthen Japan. | 19 | |
| 142798785 | Muslim | A follower of Islam. | 20 | |
| 142798786 | Neo-Confucianism | Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought; most important of the early Neo-Confucianists was the Chinese thinker Zhu Xi (1130-1200). | 21 | |
| 142798787 | Opium War | Conflict lasting from 1839 to 1842 in which the Chinese efforts to stop the opium trade were rejected and crushed by the British. | 22 | |
| 142798788 | Ottoman empire | Powerful Turkish empire that lasted from the conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453 until 1918 and reached its peak during the reign of Süleyman the Magnificent (r. 1520-1566). | 23 | |
| 142798789 | Self-strengthening movement | Chinese attempt (1860-1895) to blend Chinese cultural traditions with European industrial technology. | 24 | |
| 142798790 | Serfs | Peasants who, while not chattel slaves, were tied to the land and who owed obligation to the lords on whose land they worked. | 25 | |
| 142798791 | St. Petersburg | New capital built by Peter the Great in 1703. Known as the "window on the west," the city served as headquarters for the navy and government. | 26 | |
| 142798792 | Taiping Revolution | Rebellion (1850-1864) in Qing China led by Hong Xiuquan, during which twenty to thirty million were killed; the rebellion was symbolic of the decline of China during the nineteenth century. | 27 | |
| 142798793 | Tanzimat | "Reorganization" era (1839-1876), an attempt to reorganize the Ottoman empire on Enlightenment and constitutional forms. | 28 | |
| 142798794 | Three Principles of the People | Philosophy of Chinese Guomindang leader Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) that emphasized nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood. | 29 | |
| 142798795 | Tokugawa | Last shogunate in Japanese history (1600-1867); it was founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu who was notable for unifying Japan. | 30 | |
| 142798796 | Treaty of Nanjing | British treaty with China in which they gain rights to the opium trade, most-favored-nation status, Hong Kong, and exemption from Chinese laws. | 31 | |
| 142798797 | Tsar | Old Russian term for king that is derived from the term caesar. | 32 | |
| 142798798 | Unequal Treaties | Series of treaties that forced trade concessions from the Qing dynasty of China. | 33 | |
| 142798799 | Witte, Sergei | Late-nineteenth-century Russian minister of finance who pushed for industrialization. | 34 | |
| 142798800 | Young Turks | Nineteenth-century Turkish reformers who pushed for changes within the Ottoman empire, such as universal suffrage and freedom of religion. | 35 | |
| 142798801 | Zaibatsu | Japanese term for "wealthy cliques," which are similar to American trusts and cartels but usually organized around one family. | 36 | |
| 142798802 | Zemstvos | District assemblies elected by Russians in the nineteenth century. | 37 |
