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| 56656147 | Muhammad Ali | he built a powerful army modeled on European forces and ruled Egypt. | 0 | |
| 56656148 | Mahmud II | sultan (1808- 1839), was convinced to launch reform program, wanted to be seen as restoration and not violent reform. Had conflict with Janissaries so he massacred them. | 1 | |
| 56656149 | Abd Al-Hamid | he developed his administration according to Tanzimat principles. | 2 | |
| 56656150 | Alexander II | who is the son of Nicholas I introduced reforms that included limited emancipation of the serfs (1818-1881); suggested to the nobility of Moscow," it is better to abolish serfdom from above than to wait until the serfs begin to liberate themselves from below. | 3 | |
| 56656151 | Lin Zexu | a Chinese official who was charged with stamping out opium trade in southern China; he ordered blockade of European trading areas in Canton and confiscation of opium; | 4 | |
| 56656152 | Hong Xiuquan | was a village school teacher, proved both inspiration and leadership for the Taiping rebellion. Wanted destruction of the Qing dynasty. | 5 | |
| 56656153 | Empress Dowager Cixi | Empress of China and mother of Emperor Guangxi. She put her son under house arrest, supported antiforeign movements, and resisted reforms of the Chinese government and armed forces. | 6 | |
| 56656154 | Commodore Mathew Perry | was sent to open doors for Japan to trade with the west | 7 | |
| 56745564 | Sergei Witte | prime minister of Russia; minister of finance | 8 | |
| 56745565 | Emperor Mutsuhito | he called his reign the Meiji ("Enlightened Rule") which helped modernize Japan. | 9 | |
| 56745566 | Ito Hirobumi | He established a cabinet system of government and became the first prime minister of japan.; He drew inspiration from the German constitution in drafting a governing document for Japan. | 10 | |
| 56745567 | Janissaries | Christian boys taken from families who were converted to Islam, and then trained to serve the sultan in the Ottoman army. | 11 | |
| 56745568 | "Capitulations" | were agreements with European powers that gave European bankers and merchants unfair advantages in the Empire. It symbolized the decline of the Ottomans | 12 | |
| 56745569 | Tanzimat Reformer | attacked Ottoman law with the aim of making it acceptable to Europeans so they could have the capitulations lifted and recovered Ottoman sovereignty. | 13 | |
| 56745570 | Young Turks | were the most active dissident organization; founded by exiled Ottoman subjects living in Paris; inspired an army coup that forced Abd al Hamid to restore parliament and the constitution of 1876. | 14 | |
| 56745571 | The Crimean War | rooted in the long-standing desire of Russia to extend itinfluence over the Ottoman Empire.; demonstrated the weakness of the Russian Empire.; Ruddian armies suffered devastating and humiliations defeats on their own territory;France & Great Britain vs. Russia, | 15 | |
| 56745572 | Zemstvos | were elected local rural governments who allowed some democracy without weakening the central government; retained exclusive authority over national issues. | 16 | |
| 56752736 | Duma | elected national legislature in Russia | 17 | |
| 56752737 | Cohong System | were specially licensed Chinese firms that were under strict government regulation | 18 | |
| 56752738 | Opium War | was a war between th Chinese and Britain over opium trade which made plain the military power differential between Europe and China | 19 | |
| 56752739 | Unequal treaties | a series of pacts between China and the Western powers after the Opium War that vastly favored the Western powers | 20 | |
| 56752740 | Taiping Revolution | raged throughout most of China and brought the Qing dynasty to the brink collapse | 21 | |
| 56752741 | Self-Strengthening Movement | was the most imaginative of the reform programs which was empowered with imperial grants of authority what permitted them to raise troops, levy taxes, and tun bureaucracies. | 22 | |
| 56752742 | Boxer Rebellion | a violent movement spearheaded by militia units calling themselves the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists. | 23 | |
| 56752743 | Tokugawa Shogunate | Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences | 24 | |
| 56754515 | Meiji restoration | a vigorous response to their opponents by forcibly retiring dissident daimy and executing or imprisoning samurai critics | 25 | |
| 56754516 | Diamyo | was a japanese fedal lord who commanded a private army of samurai | 26 | |
| 56754517 | Bakufu | Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Warswhich was centered at Kamakura and retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai. | 27 | |
| 56754518 | Sphere's of Influence | were areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly | 28 | |
| 56754984 | Neo-Confucianism | term that describesthe resurgence of confusianism and the influence of confucian scholars during the Tang dynasty | 29 |
