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Chapter 3 Flashcards

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272955902monsoonscould bring abundance or destruction. provided winds for trade0
272955903aryan invadersnomadic invaders who migrated into India around 1700 BCE1
272955904vedic agetime period from 1500 - 1000 BCE2
272955905vedas4 books. all written in sanskrit, describe the Aryans to us. describes the caste system3
272955906aryanswho were warlike and conquered the Indus Valley cities around 1500 BCE?4
272955907epic agetime period from 1000-600 BCE5
272955908mahabharataincludes the Bhagavad Gita that talks about darma6
272955909ramayanavery popular story in India. about Rama and his wife who are the best looking couple in India. the wife gets kidnapped by a demon so the husband saves her. (they represent the ideal)7
272955910upanishadsmystical philosophical musings to the vedas8
272955911aryan societywhere did the caste system originate from?9
272955912carmascastes10
272955913jatisub-castes11
272955914brahminspriests, teachers "the head" (to think, speak, and are the mouthpieces for society)12
272955917kshatriyaswarriors. "the arms" (fighting, they are strength)13
272955920vaisyasthe business people, merchants, artisans, farmers. "the legs" (represent movement, strength, travel, and heavy lifting)14
272955922sudrasconquered people. had to do "unskilled" labor and served the upper classes. are "the feet" (to serve castes above them)15
272955924untouchablesdirty, spiritually impure. not part of the first being. considered to be the dirt beneath the feet (have no caste protection)16
272955926vedic hymnwhat is the caste system based on?17
272955928laws of manulaws that come "from Brahman" through manu (the first human ever created). these laws are divine and are the expectations for every caste.18
272955930flexibleis Hinduism flexible or unflexible?19
272955932brahmanas close as you will ever get to the Christian concept of God. the universal soul, eternal being, the universal goal with all Hindus = union with _______20
272955934atmanyour individual soul. what is continually reincarnated, wants to reunite with Brahman. never dies / eternal.21
272955936mokshathe liberation from reincarnation. the idea that you wont be reincarnated any more. once you achieve this you rejoin Brahman22
272955938gurua teacher. someone who would work with the Hindus to try to understand the idea of Brahman.23
272955939reincarnationa key idea in Hinduism (samsara). an endless cycle until you achieve moksha. no accident. depends on your karma24
272955941karmawhat reincarnation is based off of. good=good reincarnation. bad=bad reincarnation25
272955943dharmayour spiritual and moral obligations dictated by the laws of manu.26
272955945yogaone of the practices of Hinduism and buddhism. physical and mental exercises meant to clear your mind and meditate the concept of Brahman27
272955947buddhismreaction to hinduism. grew out of the hindu religion but rejects elements of it (such as the caste system)28
272955949Siddhartha Guatamafounder of Buddhism. was a Hindu Prince. rejects the gods and rituals and ceremonies of Hinduism. was a kshatrian.29
272955951buddha"the enlightened one" who was never meant to be worshipped. was simply a man who wanted to teach people his way of life30
2729559534 noble truthsthere is suffering in the world. suffering is caused by selfish desires. suffering can be removed if we do away with our selfish desires. the way to overcome selfish desires is to follow the Eightfold path or Middle Way between a devoted to pleasure and one of self-denial31
272955955nirvanathe ultimate reality. end of the self and union with brahman. (Buddhism)32
272955957theravadamost original form of Buddhism. the philosphy about the individual journey of self discovery. appeals more to the wealthy upper class people33
272955959mahayanaform of Buddhism that develops as a religion. adopt rituals and worship buddha as a god.34
272955961maurya dynastyfirst time people in India united by one leader.35
272955962chandraguptafamily who ruled for 150 years. founded the Maurya dynasty. military leader. brings most subcontinent under control. always worried about assassination36
272955963ashokachandragupta's grandson. converts into a buddhist (the only buddhist king) built pillars, stupas, and rock chambers37
272955964gupta dynastyhad lots of money, mercantile activity, and is after the fall of China. where laws of manu were actually written down. caste system strengthens38
274349679chinacreated a more cohesive and lasting political system. invented the convept of zero39
274349681indiacreated a social system considerably more rigid and less flexible than all other civilizations of the time. emphasized trade and merchant activity more and therefore exported more ideas and cultural influence40
274349683kamasutrabook or manual that discussed the relationship between men and women41

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