Terms : Hide Images
| 59411465 | nutrients, gases, wastes | What materials can be exchanged over circulatory systems? | |
| 59411466 | open | the type of circulatory system of arthropods and molluscs | |
| 59411467 | closed | the type of circulatory system in vertebrates | |
| 59411468 | arteries | these vessels carry blood away from the heart | |
| 59411469 | veins | these vessels carry blood toward the heart | |
| 59411470 | arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins | order of blood flow when originating at the heart | |
| 59411471 | capillaries | vessels that infiltrate tissues in networks | |
| 59411472 | atria | parts of the heart that receive blood | |
| 59411473 | ventricles | parts of the heart that pump blood out of the heart | |
| 59411474 | pulmocutaneous circuit | a system in three-chambered hearts that forms a forked artery and leads to the lungs and skin | |
| 59411475 | systemic circuit | a part of the circulatory system which carries blood to the rest of the body and back to the right atrium | |
| 59411476 | pulmonary circuit | a part of the circulatory system that is responsible for gas exchange in the lungs | |
| 59411477 | rich | the left side of the heart contains blood that is oxygen _____ | |
| 59411478 | poor | the right side of the heart contains blood that is oxygen _____ | |
| 59411479 | systole | the period during which the mammalian heart pumps blood | |
| 59411480 | diastole | the period during which the mammalian heart relaxes, allowing the heart chambers to fill with blood | |
| 59411481 | atrioventricular valves | parts of the heart between each atrium and ventricle that are snapped shut when blood is forced against them as the ventricles contract | |
| 59411482 | semilunar valves | parts of the heart at the exit of the aorta and pulmonary artery that are forced open by ventricular contraction, and close when the ventricles relax | |
| 59411483 | sinoatrial node | the pacemaker of the heart; located in the right atrium | |
| 59411484 | atrioventricular node | the part of the heart that relays the impulse of the SA node | |
| 59411485 | hemolymph | body fluid found in sinuses or spaces between organs that bathes the internal tissues, providing for chemical exchange | |
| 59411486 | outer connective tissue, middle muscle, inner lining of endothelium | the layers of an artery or vein wall | |
| 59411487 | endothelium | a single layer of flattened cells | |
| 59411488 | capillaries | these vessels have a slow velocity for blood flow | |
| 59411489 | veins | these vessels have a fast velocity for blood flow | |
| 59411490 | systolic pressure | pressure created from the force exerted against the wall of a blood vessel during systole | |
| 59411491 | diastolic pressure | pressure created by the recoiling of the stretched elastic arteries during diastole | |
| 59411492 | vasconstriction | the contraction of smooth muscles in arteriole walls; increases resistance, thus increases blood pressure | |
| 59411493 | vasodilation | the relaxation of smooth muscles in arteriole walls; decreases resistance, thus decreases blood pressure | |
| 59411494 | endothelin | a peptide produced and secreted by endothelial cells that induces vasoconstriction | |
| 59411495 | plasma | a liquid matrix that makes up about 55% of blood; consists of a large variety of solutes dissolved in water | |
| 59411496 | erythrocytes | cells that transport oxygen; red blood cells; lack mitochondria and generate ATP by anaerobic metabolism | |
| 59411497 | leukocytes | white blood cells that fight infections | |
| 59411498 | platelets | pinched-off fragments of large cells in the bone marrow that are involved in blood clotting | |
| 59411499 | fibrin | the active form of the protein fibrinogen that helps to blot blood | |
| 59411500 | thrombus | a clot of blood that occurs within a blood vessel and blocks the flow of blood | |
| 59411501 | erythropoietin | a hormone that is produced by the kidney in response to low oxygen supply in tissues | |
| 59411502 | atherosclerosis | a disease in which plaque narrows the arteries, thereby restricting blood flow | |
| 59411503 | heart attack | the blockage of coronary arteries that leads to death of cardiac muscle | |
| 59411504 | stroke | the blockage or rupturing of arteries in the head | |
| 59411505 | LDL | the type of cholesterol that is associated with deposits in plaques | |
| 59411506 | HDL | the type of cholesterol that is appear to reduce cholesterol deposition in plaques | |
| 59411507 | hypertension | the condition of high blood pressure; is thought to damage the endothelium and initiate plaque formation | |
| 59411508 | partial pressure | a measurement of the concentration of a gas in air or dissolved in water | |
| 59411509 | higher; lower | a gas will diffuse from a region of ________ partial pressure to a region of ________ partial pressure | |
| 59411510 | ventilation | movement of the respiratory medium across the respiratory surface | |
| 59411511 | countercurrent exchange | an arrangement in which the diffusion gradient favors the movement of oxygen into the blood along the length of the capillary | |
| 59411512 | tracheal systems | tiny air tubes, which branch throughout the body and come into contact with nearly every cell | |
| 59411513 | lungs | invaginated respiratory surfaces restricted to one location from which oxygen is transported by the circulatory system | |
| 59411514 | positive-pressure breathing | a type of breathing that lowers the floor of the oral cavity, expanding it and drawing air into the mouth; used by amphibians | |
| 59411515 | negative-pressure breathing | a type of breathing that uses the lungs; used by mammals | |
| 59411516 | tidal volume | the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by an animal during normal breathing | |
| 59411517 | vital capacity | the maximum volume during forced breathing | |
| 59411518 | residual volume | the air that remains in the alveoli and lungs after forceful exhaling | |
| 59411519 | lower | hemoglobin releases more oxygen in tissues with a _______ amount of oxygen | |
| 59411520 | myoglobin | an oxygen-storing muscle protein |
