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| 4967778872 | DNA | -deoxyribonucleic acid -46 DNA molecules - they are polymers of nucleotides | 0 | |
| 4967782248 | Nucleotide | consists of one deoxyribose, one phosphate group, one nitrogenous base | 1 | |
| 4990559311 | Purines | double ring -adenine (A) -guanine (G) | 2 | |
| 4990561600 | Pyrimidines | single ring -Cytosine (C) -thymine(T) | 3 | |
| 4990564750 | DNA bases | ATCG (all the cat guts) |  | 4 |
| 4990567808 | DNA structure | -double helix -each side has a phosphate group and deoxyribose -connection between are nitrogen bases |  | 5 |
| 4990588793 | DNA base pairing | -united by hydrogen bonds -purine with a pyrimidine - A&T - two hydrogen bonds -C&G - three hydrogen bonds | 6 | |
| 4990598484 | Genes | -genetic instructions for synthesis of proteins -segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein | 7 | |
| 4990600912 | Gene | segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein | 8 | |
| 4990603160 | Genome | all the genes a person has (25,000-35,000) -2% of total DNA -98% is noncoding DNA (no function) | 9 | |
| 4990620413 | Chromatin | the material that makes chromosomes - in nondividing cells, chromatin is so slender is cannot be seen with light microscope | 10 | |
| 4990626982 | Chromosomes | 46 long filaments | 11 | |
| 4990663035 | histones | disc-shaped cluster of eight proteins | 12 | |
| 4990670871 | nucleosome | consists of core particle and linker DNA | 13 | |
| 4990673667 | core particle | histones with DNA around them | 14 | |
| 4990674894 | linker DNA | short segment of DNA connecting core particles | 15 | |
| 4990682100 | sister chromatids | identical DNA | 16 | |
| 4990696617 | Prophase | -final coiling and condensing -chromosomes copy/double -92 chromosomes -nuclear membrane disappears | 17 | |
| 4990704144 | centromere | the point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division |  | 18 |
| 4990709304 | kinetochore | protein plaques on either side of the centromere |  | 19 |
| 4990732245 | RNA | half of DNA -messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA -interprets code in DNA | 20 | |
| 4990739647 | mRNA | carries genetic code from nucleus to cytoplasm | 21 | |
| 5000891947 | rRNA | protein builder of the cell | 22 | |
| 5000897838 | tRNA | carries an amino acid to the ribosome | 23 | |
| 5000906406 | ribose | replaces deoxyribose as the sugar | 24 | |
| 5000908264 | uracil | replaces thymine | 25 | |
| 5001004766 | gene | segment of DNA that codes for the production of RNA -amino acid sequence of a protein is determined by the nucleotide sequence in the DNA | 26 | |
| 5001011514 | genome | all the DNA in on 23-chromosome set -one set of 23 chromosomes came from each parent | 27 | |
| 5001039544 | law of complementary base pairing | we can predict the sequence of one DNA strand if we know the sequence of the other | 28 | |
| 5001043288 | cell cycle | cell's life cycle that extends from one division group to the next | 29 | |
| 5001049018 | mitosis | cell division | 30 | |
| 5001051408 | functions of mitosis | -develops the individual from one egg to about 40 trillion cells -growth of all tissues and organs -replacement of cells that die -repair of damaged tissues | 31 | |
| 5001058249 | 4 phases of motosis | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase | 32 | |
| 5001064668 | prophase | chromosomes shorten and thicken, coiling into compact rods -nuclear envelope disintegrates and releases chromosomes into the cytosole | 33 | |
| 5001074431 | spindle fibers | centrioles sprout elongated microtubules -push centrioles apart as they grow -pair of centrioles lie at each pole of the cell |  | 34 |
| 5001093337 | metaphase | cells are aligned on cell equator | 35 | |
| 5001094852 | mitotic spindle | lemon-shaped array of spindle fibers |  | 36 |
| 5001099368 | long spindle fibers (microtubules) | attach to chromosomes | 37 | |
| 5001100993 | shorter mictrotubules | anchor centrioles to plasma membrane at each end of cell | 38 | |
| 5001104810 | anaphase | activation of an enzyme that cleaves two sister chromatids apart at centromere | 39 | |
| 5001109844 | telophase | chromatids cluster on each side of the cell -rough ER produces new nuclear envelope around each cluster -chromatids uncoil and form chromatin -spindle breaks up and vanishes | 40 | |
| 5001115090 | cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm into two cells | 41 | |
| 5001119375 | heredity | transmission of genetics from parent to offspring | 42 | |
| 5001121290 | karyotype | chart of 46 chromosomes laid out in order by size and other physical features | 43 | |
| 5001125509 | diploid (somatic cells) | any cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes | 44 | |
| 5001133716 | haploid | contain half as many chromosomes as somatic cells | 45 | |
| 5001140227 | fertilization | restores diploid number to the fertilized egg and the somatic cells arise from it | 46 | |
| 5001145550 | locus | the location of a particular gene on a chromosome | 47 | |
| 5001146959 | alleles | one of two or more forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome | 48 | |
| 5001160187 | genotype | alleles that an individual possesses for a particular trait | 49 | |
| 5001162335 | homozygous trait | two identical alleles for a trait | 50 | |
| 5001165565 | heterozygous alleles | different alleles for that gene | 51 | |
| 5001167689 | phenotype | observable trait -an allele is expressed if it shows in the phenotype | 52 | |
| 5001170720 | sex-linked traits | carried on X and Y chromosomes. Tend to be inherited by one sex more than the other | 53 | |
| 5033947561 | genomics | field of biology that focuses on the study of the whole genome and how its genes affect the structure and function of the organism | 54 | |
| 5033985886 | base triplet | 3 DNA nucleotides for 1 amino acid | 55 | |
| 5033989195 | codon | 3-base sequence in mRNA | 56 | |
| 5033992835 | stop codons | UAG, UGA, UAA "end of the message" | 57 | |
| 5033996487 | start codon | UAG - code for methionine | 58 |
