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| Certain behavioral characteristics exist because they are expressions of genes that have been perpetuated by natural selection. | ||
| A system of info transfer through social learning or teaching that influences the behavior of individuals in a population. | ||
| Type of learning through observing others. | ||
| Altruism toward someone who is not related. (The golden rule!!.) | ||
| The study of the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior | ||
| A sequence of unlearned behavior that is essentially unchangable, and once initiated, usually carried to completion. | ||
| External cue that triggers a fixed action pattern. | ||
| Chemical substances that animals emit. | ||
| (associative learning) An arbitrary stimulus becomes associated with a particular outcome. | ||
| (assiociative learning) An animal learns to associate one of its own behaviors with a reward or punishment and then tends to repeat or avoid that behavior. | ||
| The process of knowing represented by awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement. | ||
| Environmental cues that trigger animals to change or orient both simple and complex movements in particular direction. | ||
| A change in activity or turning rate in response to a stimulus. | ||
| Oriented movement toward (positive axis) or away from (negative axis) some stimulus. | ||
| A regular long-distance change in location. | ||
| An internal mechanism that maintains a 24-hour activity rhythm or cycle. | ||
| Behavioral rhythms linked to the yearly cycle of seasons. | ||
| The cognitive activity of devising a method to proceed from one state to another in the face of real or apparent obstacles. | ||
| Action carried out by muscles or glands. | ||
| A stimulus transmitted from one animal to another. | ||
| Researchers compare the behavior of identical twins raised apart with those raised in the same household. | ||
| Behavior that is developmentally fixed. | ||
| The modification of behavior on specific experiences. | ||
| A loss of responsiveness to stimuli little or no new information. | ||
| The formation at a specific stage of life of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual or object. | ||
| (Critical period) A limited developmental phase when certain behaviors can be learned. | ||
| Something to which the response will be directed. | ||
| The establishment of a memory that reflects the environment's spatial structure. | ||
| Location indicators. | ||
| Why a behavior occurs in the context of natural selection. | ||
| The natural selection that favors altruistic behavior by enhancing reproductive success of relatives. | ||
| When the benefit to the recipient multiplied by the coefficient of relatedness exceeds the cost to the altruist. | ||
| r, equals the fraction of genes that, on average, are shared. | ||
| The total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing its own offspring and by providing aid to other close relatives to produce offspring. | ||
| Selflessness. Reducing individual fitness, but increasing the fitness of other individuals in the population. | ||
| Evaluates alternative strategies in situations where the outcome depends on the strategies of all the individuals involved. | ||
| The transmission and reception of signals that constitute interaction. | ||
| A gene that controls the entire male courtship ritual. (short for fruitless) | ||
| The response to each stimulus is the stimulus for the next behavior. | ||
| The flow of information to the visual system. | ||
| A representation in the nervous system of the spacial relationships between objects in an animal's surroundings. | ||
| The ability to associate one environmental feature with another. | ||
| The scientific study of how animals behave. Particularly in their natural environments. | ||
| The transmission and reception of signals in the form of specific molecules. | ||
| How a behavior occurs or is modified. | ||
| ex: Fly singing to potential mate. | ||
| Touching... | ||
| A ritualized contest that determines which competitor gains access to a resource such as food or a mate. | ||
| Competition between members of one sex for mates. | ||
| Members of one sex choose mates on the basis of particular characteristics of the other sex. | ||
| A single female mates with several males. (Mwahahahaha) | ||
| System involving a single male and several females. | ||
| An individual of one sex mating with several of the other. | ||
| One male mating with one female. | ||
| no strong pair bonds or lasting relationships. | ||
| Form of natural selection having to do with mates. | ||
| Type of cost-benefit analysis | ||
| Foraging gene. | ||
| Food-obtaining behavior. | ||
| A neurotransmitter released during mating that is critical for the partnering and parenting behavior of male voles. | ||
| Form a strong attachment after mating. | ||
| Aquiring nutrients for digestion, finding a sexual partner. | ||
| Experiences, genetics, and the environment. | ||
| The young of one species are placed in the care of adults from another species. |
