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Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution, 1700-1775 Flashcards

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468447213The primary reason for the spectacular growth of America's population in the eighteenth century wasthe natural fertility of the population
468447214German settlement in the colonies was especially heavy inPennsylvania
468447215The scots-irish eventually became concentrated especially inthe frontier areas
468447216Compared with the seventeeth century, American colonial society in the eighteeth century showedgreater gaps in wealth and status between rich and poor
468447217the most honored professsion in the colonial America was theclergymen
468447218The primary source of livelihood for most colonial Americans wasagriculture
468447219Indians and African Americans shared in the common American experience ofcreating new cultures and societies out of the mingling of diverse ethinc groups
468447220An unfortunate group of involuntary immigrants who ranked even below indentured servants on the American social scare wereconvicts and paupers
468447221The "triangular trade" involved the sale of rum, molasses and slaves among the ports ofNew England, Africa, and the West Indies
468447222The passage of British restrictions on trade and encouraged colonial merchants tofind ways to smuggle and otherise evade the law by trading with other countries
468447223Besides offering rest and refreshment, colonial taverns served an important fuction as centers ofnews and political opinion
468447224The Angelican church suffered in colonial America because ofits poorly qualified clergy and close ties with British authorities
468447225The two denominations that enjoyed the status of "established" churches in vavrious colonies were theAnglicans and Congregationalists
468447226Among the many impostant results of the Great Awakening ws that itbroke down sectional boundaries and created a greater sense of common American identity
468447227A primary weapon used by colonial legislatures in their conflicts with royal governors wasusing their power of the purse to withhold the governor's salary
468447228DeutschCorruption of a German word used as a term for German immigrants in Pennsylvania
468447229Scots-IrishEthnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the Western frontier of the middle and southern colonies
468447230RegulatorRebellious movement of frontiersmen in the southern colonies that included future President Andrew Jackson
468447231Jayle Birdspopular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities
468447232Praying TownsTerm for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized
468447233LawyerA once-despised profession
468447234Triangular Tradesmall but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa and the West Indies
468447235tavernspopular colonial centers of recreation, gossip and political debate
468447236establishedterm for tax-supported condition of Congretional and Anglican churches, but not of Baptists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics.
468447237Great Awakeningspectacular, emtional religious revival of the 1730's amd the 1740's
468447238New Lightministers who supported the Great Awakening against the "old light" clergy who rejected it
468447239CollegesInstitutions that were founded in greater numbers as a result of the Great Awkwaening, although a few had been founded earlier
468447240The Zenger CaseThe case that establishedthe precedent that true statements about the public officaials could not be prossecuted as libel
468447241Councilthe upper house of a colonial legislature appointed by the crown or the proprietor
468447242Richards AlmanackBenjamin Franklin's highly popular collection of information, parables and advice.
468447243George WhitefieldItinerant British evangelist who spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies
468447244John Peter ZengerColonial printer whose case helped begin freedom of the press
468447245John singleton Copleycolonial painter who studied and worked in Britian
468447246PhiladelphiaLeading city of the colonies; home of Benjamin Franklin
468447247African AmericansLargest non-English group in the colonies
468447248QuakersDominant religious group in colonial Pennsylvania, critized by other for their attitude toward the Indians
468447249Phillis WheatleyFormer slave who became a poet at an early age
468447250Paxton Boys and RegulatorsScots-Irish frontiersmen who prostested against colonial elites of Pennsylvaniaand North Carolina
468447251Molasses ActAttempt by British authorities to squelch colonial trade with French West Indies
468447252Jonathan EdwardsBrilliant New England theologian who instigated the Great Awakening
468447253Scots-IrishGroup that settled the frontier, made whiskey, and hated the British and other governmental authorities
468447254BaptistsNonestablished religious group that benefited from the Great Awakening
468447255Benjamin FranklinAuthor, scienists, printer, "the first civilized American"
468447256Patrick HenryEloquent lawyer-rator who argued in defense of colonial rights
468447257Anglican ChurchEstablished religion in southern colonies and New York; weakened by lackadaisical clergy and too-close ties with British crown.
468447258The appointment of unpopular or incompetent royal governors to coloniespromited colonial assemblies to withhold royal governors' salaries
468447259dry over-intellectualism and loss of religious commitmentcreated the conditions for the Great awakening to erupt in the early eighteenth century
468447260The heavy immigration of Germans, Scots-Irish, Africans, and others into the coloniesresulted in the development of a colonial "melting pot" only one-half English by 1775
468447261American merchants search for non-british marketsWas met by British attempts to restrict colonial trade, eg, the Molasses Act
468447262The large profits made by merchants as military suppliers for imperial warsIncreased the wealth of the eighteenth century colonial elite
468447263The high natural fertility of the colonial populationLed to the increase of American population to one-third of England's in 1775
468447264the lack of artistic concerns, cultural tradtion, and leisure in the coloniesForced the migration of colonial artists to Britian to study and persue artisitic careers
468447265The Zenger caseMarked the beginnings of freedom of printed political expression in the colonies
468447266Upper-class fear of "democratic excesses" by poor whitesReinforced colonial property qualifications for voting
468447267The Great AwakeningStimulated a fervent, emotional style of religion, denominational divisions, and a greater sense of inter-colonial American identity

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