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| 114587573 | Kush | An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 BCE; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 0 | |
| 114587574 | Axum | Kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; replaced Meroe in first century CE; received strong influence from Arabian peninsula; eventually converted to Christianity | 1 | |
| 114587575 | Ethiopia | A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynast of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa | 2 | |
| 114587576 | Shintoism | The indigenous religion of Japan, polytheistic in character and incorporating the worship of a number of ethnic divinities, from the chief of which the emperor is believed to be descended; primarily a system of nature and ancestor worship | 3 | |
| 114587577 | Olmec | Cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico c. 1200 BCE; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems | 4 | |
| 114587578 | Teotihuacan | Site of classic culture in central Mexico; urban center with important religious functions; supported by intensive agriculture in surrounding regions; population of as much as 200,000 | 5 | |
| 114587579 | Maya | Classical culture emerging in southern Mexico and Central America contemporary with Teotihuacan; extended over broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calendrical and mathematical systems, highly developed religion | 6 | |
| 114587580 | Inca | Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures; term also used for leader of empire | 7 | |
| 114587581 | Aztecs | A Native American people who ruled Mexico and neighboring areas before the Spaniards conquered the region in the sixteenth century; starting in the twelfth century, they built up an advanced civilization and empire | 8 | |
| 114587582 | Polynesian | Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island | 9 | |
| 114587583 | Sui | Dynasty that succeeded the Han in China; emerged from strong rulers in northern China; united all of northern China and reconquered southern China | 10 | |
| 114587584 | Tang | Dynasty that succeeded the Sui in 618 CE; more stable than previous dynasty | 11 | |
| 114587585 | Islam | Major world religion having its origins in 610 CE in the Arabian peninsula; meaning literally submission; based on prophecy of Muhammad | 12 | |
| 114587586 | Allah | Supreme God in strictly monotheistic Islam | 13 | |
| 114587587 | Constantinople | A city founded by the Roman emperor Constantine as capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire; Constantine ruled over both parts of the empire from Constantinople, which was later capital of the Byzantine Empire; Constantinople was conquered by Turkish forces in the fifteenth century. | 14 | |
| 114587588 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern half of Roman Empire following collapse of western half of old empire; retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek; later lost Palestine, Syria, and Egypt to Islam; capital at Constantinople | 15 | |
| 114587589 | Diocletian | Roman emperor from 284 to 305 CE; restored later empire by improved administration and tax collection | 16 | |
| 114587590 | Constantine | Roman emperor form 312 to 337 CE; established second capital at Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spiritually | 17 | |
| 114587591 | Germanic Tribes | The basic Germanic political structure was the tribe, headed by a chief who was elected for his ability as a war leader; the Germanic religion was polytheistic, their society was a warrior aristocracy, and finally their societal structure was a mobile one; the large migrations of land-hungry Germans during the 3rd and 4th centuries resulted in Rome's losing control of the great frontier; Germanic tribes included the Franks, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Burgundians, Angles, Saxons, Vandals and Lombards. | 18 | |
| 114587592 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565) | 19 | |
| 114587593 | Augustine | Influential church father and theologian (354- 430 CE); born in Africa and ultimately bishop of Hippo in Africa; champion of Christian doctrine against various heresies and very important in the long-term development of Christian thought on such issues as predestination | 20 | |
| 114587594 | Coptic | An Afroasiatic language of Egypt descended from ancient Egyptian, largely extinct as a spoken language since the 16th century but surviving as the liturgical language of the Coptic Church. | 21 | |
| 114587595 | bodhisattvas | Buddhist holy men; built up spiritual merits during their lifetimes; prayers even after death could aid people to achieve reflected holiness | 22 | |
| 114587596 | Mahayana | Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior | 23 | |
| 114587597 | Jesus | A Jew from Galilee in northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices; was executed as a revolutionary by the Romans; became central figure in Christianity | 24 | |
| 114587598 | Paul | One of the first Christian missionaries; moved away from insistence that adherents of the new religion follow Jewish law; use of Greek as language of Church | 25 | |
| 114587599 | Benedict | Founder of monasticism in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire; established Benedictine Rule in the 6th century; paralleled development of Basil's rules in Byzantine Empire | 26 | |
| 114587600 | pope | Bishop of Rome; head of the Christian Church in western Europe | 27 | |
| 114587601 | animism | A religious outlook that sees gods in many aspects of nature and propitiates them to help control and explain nature; typical of Mesopotamian religions | 28 | |
| 114587602 | world religions | Religions recognized and practiced around the world | 29 |
