Terms : Hide Images
| 229180552 | Cyrus | united the various Persian tribes and overthrew the Median monarch | 0 | |
| 229180553 | Darius I | the third ruler of the Persian Empire; crushed the widespread initial resistance to his rule and gave all major government posts to Persians rather than to Medes; he established a system of provinces and tribute; began the construction of Persepolis; and expanded Persian control in the east (Pakistan) and the west (northern Greece) | 1 | |
| 229180554 | Xerxes | son of Darius, who took the throne, invaded Greece, and was eventually defeated | 2 | |
| 229180555 | satrap | governor of Persia | 3 | |
| 229180556 | Persepolis | Parsa; a complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland; supposed to be the main capital city | 4 | |
| 229180557 | Zoroastrianism | a religion originating in ancient Iran with the prophet Zoroaster; centered on a single benevolent deity, Ahuramazda; emphasized truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature; it demanded humans to choose sides between good and evil; may have influenced Judaism, Christianity, and other faiths | 5 | |
| 229180558 | polis | "city-state" in Greek that consisted of an urban center and the rural territory that it controlled | 6 | |
| 229180559 | hoplites | heavily armored infantrymen who fought in close formation | 7 | |
| 229180560 | tyrant | a person who seized and held power in violation of the normal political institutions and traditions of the community | 8 | |
| 229180561 | democracy | the excercise of political power by all free, adult males | 9 | |
| 229180562 | sacrifice | central ritual of Greek religion; performed at altars in front of the temples that the Greeks built for the gods to live in | 10 | |
| 229180563 | Pericles | Aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens, supervised construction of the Acropolis, and pursued a policy of imperial expansion that led to the Peloponnesian War | 11 | |
| 229180564 | Persian War | two Perisan attacks on Greece in the early 5th century B.C.E. | 12 | |
| 229180565 | trireme | a sleeker | 13 | |
| 229180566 | Herodotus | the ancient Greek known as the "father of history" | 14 | |
| 229180567 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher who was sentenced to trial and executed by the Athenian state for "corrupting the youth of Athens" | 15 | |
| 229180568 | Plato | Greek philosopher and student of Socrates; knowledge based on consideration of ideal forms outside the material world; proposed ideal form of government based on abstract principles in which philosophers ruled | 16 | |
| 229180569 | Aristotle | another great Greek philosopher; pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought | 17 | |
| 229180570 | Athens | a powerful Greek city-state that was a long time rival of Sparta; was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture | 18 | |
| 229180571 | Sparta | a Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts | 19 | |
| 229180572 | Peloponnesian War | a costly conflict between Athenians and Spartans; was largely a consequence of Athenian imperialism; Spartans prevailed | 20 | |
| 229180573 | Alexander | A.K.A. "Alexander the Great", King of Macedonia; he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East | 21 | |
| 229180574 | Hellenistic Age | after the fall of Rome; the era in which Greek culture spread across western Asia and northern Africa after te conquests of Alexander the Great | 22 | |
| 229180575 | Ptolemies | ruled Egypt and sometimes laid claim to Palestine | 23 | |
| 229180576 | Alexandria | the first of the new cities laid out by Alexander | 24 | |
| 229180577 | Susa | the chief capital of the Persian Empire | 25 | |
| 229180578 | humanism | a philosophy in which interests and values of human beings are of primary importance | 26 | |
| 229182118 | classical | relating to or teaching academic branches of knowledge, as the humanities, general sciences, etc. as distinguished from technical subjects | 27 | |
| 229182119 | empire | a group of diverse companies under common ownership and run as a single organization | 28 | |
| 229182120 | barbarian | a foreigner | 29 | |
| 229182121 | bureaucracy | a system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials | 30 | |
| 229182123 | centralization | the concentration of administrative power in a central government, authority, etc. | 31 | |
| 229182124 | cosmopolitan | widely distributed; not limited to just local areas | 32 |
