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Chapter 6 AP Bio Vocab Flashcards

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1797618406Basal bodya eukaryotic cell structure that may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagella0
1797618407Cell walla protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists1
1797618408Centriolea structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern2
1797618409Centrosomestructure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division; functions as a microtubule organizing center3
1797618410Central vacuolea membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development4
1797618411Chloroplastan organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water5
1797618412Chromatinthe complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome6
1797618413Chromosomea cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells7
1797618414Ciliashort cellular appendages containing microtubules that can be used for locomotion or sensory and signaling roles8
1797618415Actina globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other forming microfilaments in muscle cells9
1797618416Collagena glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of cells that forms strong fibers found extensively in connective tissue and bone10
1797618417Contractile Vacuolesa membranous sac that helps move excess water out of certain fresh water protists11
1797618418Cortexthe outer region of cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell, lying just under the plasma membrane12
1797618419Cristaefolds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP13
1797618420Cytoskeletona network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that branch throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions14
1806272179Cytoplasmthe contents of the cell, exclusive of the nucleus and bounded by the plasma membrane15
1806275163Cytoplasmic Streaminga circular flow of cytoplasm, involving myosin and actin filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells16
1806276656Cytosolthe semifluid portion of the cytoplasm17
1806301010Dyneinin cilia and flagella, a large contractile protein extending from one microtubule doublet to the adjacent doublet. ATP hydrolysis drives changes in dynein shape that lead to bending of cilia and flagella18
1806303062Endomembrane Systemthe collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell19
1806304590Endoplasmic Reticuluman extensive membraneous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome studded and ribosome free regions20
1806305925Eukaryotic Cella type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles21
1806308393Extracellular Matrixthe substance in which animal cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides synthesized and secreted by cells22
1806322125Fibronectina glycoprotein that helps animal cells attach to the extracellular matrix23
1806327541Flagellalong cellular appendages specialized for locomotion24
1806330357Food Vacuolesa membranous sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganisms or particles to be used as food by the cell25
1806332605Glycoproteina protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it26
1806338915Golgi Apparatusan organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum27
1806342047Granuma stack of membrane bounded thylakoids in the chloroplast that function in the light reactions of photosynthesis28
1806347665Integrina transmembrane receptor protein that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton in animal cells29
1806349391Intermediate Filamenta component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments30
1806354043Lysosomea membrane enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells31
1806356665Microfilamenta cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell32
1806358143Microtubulea hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that make up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella33
1806359475Middle lamellain plants, a thin layer of adhesive extracellular material, primarily pectins, found between the primary walls of adjacent young cells34
1806360626Mitochondriaorganelles in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration35
1806361927Mitochondrial matrixthe compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle36
1806363611Motor proteinsa protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell37
1806365326Myosina type of protein filament that acts as a motor protein with actin filaments to cause cell contraction38
1806366463Nucleoida dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell39
1806367609Nuclear envelopethe double membrane in a eukaryotic cell that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm40
1806369568Nuclear laminaa netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope, it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus41
1807258720Nucleolusa specialized structure in the nucleus, consisting of chromatin regions containing ribosomal RNA genes, ribosomal proteins, and ribosomal subunit assembly42
1807260156Nucleusthe chromosome containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell43
1807261801Peroxisomean organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide44
1807263304Phagocytosisa type of endocytosis in which large particulate substances are taken up by a cell45
1807264591Plasma Membranethe membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective a barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition46
1807267315Plasmodesmaan open channel in the cell wall of a plant through which strands of cytosol connect from an adjacent cell47
1807268745Plastidone of a family of closely related organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts. Found in the cells of photosynthetic organisms.48
1807271402Primary cell wallin plants, a relatively thin and flexible layer first secreted by a young cell49
1807272879Prokaryotic cella type of cell lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles50
1807275234Proteoglycana glycoprotein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells51
1807398929Pseudopodiacellular extensions of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding52
1807401024Ribosomesa complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm53
1807402915Rough ERthat portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes54
1807404143Secondary cell wallin plants, a strong and durable matrix often deposited in several laminated layers for cell protection and support55
1807409372Smooth ERthe portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes56
1807414932Stromawithin the chloroplast, the dense fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water57
1807417281Thylakoida flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast that contains the molecular machinery used to convert light energy to chemical energy58
1807419899Vesiclessacs made of membrane in the cytoplasm59

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