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| A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience. | ||
| decreased responsiveness with repeated presentation of the same stimulus | ||
| forms of learning, such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning, that can be described in terms of stimuli and responses | ||
| When a neutral stimulus evokes a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally evokes a response. | ||
| a stimulus that before conditioning does not produce a particular response | ||
| in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response. | ||
| in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth. | ||
| In classical conditioning the initial learning of the conditioned responcse (CR) | ||
| a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response | ||
| The weakening of a conditioned response in the absence of an unconditioned stimulus. | ||
| the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response | ||
| (psychology) transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus | ||
| Process by which an organism learns to respond only to a specific stimulus and not to other stimuli | ||
| a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher | ||
| Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely | ||
| (reward) any stimulus whose presentation increases the probability that a behavior will occur | ||
| the removal of an unpleasant stimulus that increases the likelihood that behavior will continue; is more effective in learning than punishment | ||
| A reinforcer that meets our basic biological needs such as food, water, sleep, or love. | ||
| stimulus such as money that becomes reinforcing through its link with a primary reinforcer | ||
| A process by which a response that has been learned is weakened by the absence or removal of reinforcement. | ||
| programs specifying the frequency and timing of reinforcements | ||
| in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses | ||
| in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses | ||
| in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed | ||
| in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals | ||
| conditioning in which desirable behavior is reinforced with valueless objects, which can be accumulated and exchanged for valued rewards | ||
| Concept developed by David Premack in which learners do less-preferred activities in order to engage in more-preferred activities. | ||
| unpleasant consequences used to weaken behavior | ||
| weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus | ||
| The removal of an appetitive stimulus after a response, leading to a decrease in behavior. | ||
| a form of cognitive learning, originally described by the Gestalt psychologists, in which problem solving occurs by means of a sudden reorganization of perceptions | ||
| a mental representation of the layout of one's environment | ||
| change in behavior due to watching other people behave | ||
| an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory |
