Terms : Hide Images
| 691344132 | Learning | change in a persons behavior to a given situation brought about by his/her repeated experience in that situation. | |
| 691344133 | Classical Conditioning | Discovered by Pavlov & dogs | |
| 691344134 | Unconditioned stimulus (US) | naturally elicits a response | |
| 691344135 | Unconditioned response (UR) | natural response to US | |
| 691344136 | Condition stimulus | previously neutral stimulus which, after pairing with a US attains the ability to elicit the same response | |
| 691344137 | Condition response | the response to the CS (looks like the UR, on the surface) | |
| 691344138 | Acquisition | association between the UCS & CS is attained | |
| 691344139 | Stimulus contiguity | timing of the pairing of the UCS and the CS: simultaneous, short-delayed (tone presented before meat, end at same time), trace presentation (tone presented & ended before meat presented) | |
| 691344140 | Extinction | break association by presenting CS alone without UCS | |
| 691344141 | Stimulus generalization | when someone generalizes what they have learned from a specific CS to other stimuli which are similar to the original CS (scared of all clowns) | |
| 691344142 | Stimulus discrimination | when someone does not generalize what they have learned from a specific CS to other stimuli which are similar to the original CS (only scared of Bozo) | |
| 691344143 | Higher order conditioning | when CS functions as UCS, eating candy makes you happy, money makes you happy because it has become associated with candy. | |
| 691344144 | Operant conditioning | Skinner: demonstrated that organisms repeat those responses that are followed by favorable consequences and organism tend not to repeat those responses that are followed by negative and/or neutral consequences | |
| 691344145 | Acquisition | when the connection between a behavior and a consequence is attained. Shaping: reinforcements of closer and closer approximations of a desired response - baby steps | |
| 691344146 | consequences | reinforcement & punishments | |
| 691344147 | reinforcement | consequence that increases the tendency to repeat preceding behavior | |
| 691344148 | positive reinforcement | adding something into the situation that increases the tendency to repeat the preceding behavior | |
| 691344149 | negative reinforcement | taking something away from the situation that increases the tendency to repeat the preceding behavior | |
| 691344150 | punishment | consequence that decreases the tendency to repeat preceding behavior | |
| 691344151 | positive punishment | adding something that decreases the tendency | |
| 691344152 | negative punishment | taking something out of the situation that decreases the tendency | |
| 691344153 | continuous reinforcement | occurs everytime someone does the target behavior | |
| 691344154 | fixed-ratio reinforcement | reinforcement is given based on a fixed number of response | |
| 691344155 | variable-ratio reinforcement | reinforcement is given based on an average number of response | |
| 691344156 | Fixed interval reinforcement | reinforcement is given based on the first response given after a fixed amount of time has passed | |
| 691344157 | variable interval reinforcement | reinforcement is given based on the first response given after an average amount of time has passed | |
| 691344158 | instinctive drift | operant conditioning isn't always successful, when it goes against a natural instinct it usually fails | |
| 691344159 | stimulus generalization | when you generalize what you have learned under one cur to other stimuli which are similar to this cue | |
| 691344160 | stimulus discrimination | when you consider an association between a behavior and a consequence to occur only with a specific cue - an no other stimulus, even those similar to this original cue | |
| 691344161 | classical & operant work together | phobias, classical- creates & establishes, operant - maintains | |
| 691344162 | Latent Learning | Edward Tolman, 1930's-40's. 3 groups continuous, no, and reinforcement on 10th trial. Motivation is important factor | |
| 691344163 | Observational Learning | Albert Bandura (70's-80's) suggest that many different cognitive processes could be involved with learning including internal processes which allow one to learn vicariously | |
| 691344164 | Observation of a model | attention, retention, reproduction, motivation | |
| 692218325 | Latent learning is | learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs | |
| 692218326 | observational learning is | learning that occurs when an organisms responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models | |
| 692218327 | classical conditioning is | learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus |
