Terms : Hide Images
| 233487513 | Shaykhs | Leaders of tribes and clans within bedouin society; usually men with large herds, several wives, and many children | 0 | |
| 233487514 | Quraysh | Dominant tribe in Mecca, tribe of which Mohhamad was born | 1 | |
| 233487515 | Allah | Muslim name for the one and only God | 2 | |
| 233487516 | Five pillars | Basic rules of Islam. 1. Profession of faith 2. Pray five times a day 3. Give alms (give money) 4. Ramadan fast 5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). | 3 | |
| 233487517 | Abu Bakr | Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death. | 4 | |
| 233487518 | Uthman | Third caliph and member of Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan | 5 | |
| 233487519 | Sunnis | A member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad | 6 | |
| 233487520 | Damascus | The chosen city by the umayyad Caliphs in Syria to be their capital. they ruled from ad 661 to ad 750 | 7 | |
| 233487521 | Abbasid | The dynasty that came after the Umayyads. Devoted their energy to trade, scholorship, and the arts. | 8 | |
| 233487522 | Wazir | Chief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate; initially recruited from Persian provinces of Empire | 9 | |
| 233487523 | Mosque | A Muslim place of worship | 10 | |
| 233487524 | Mecca | City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion | 11 | |
| 233487525 | Umayyad | Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam | 12 | |
| 233487526 | Muhammad | The Arab prophet who founded Islam | 13 | |
| 233487527 | Umma | The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community. | 14 | |
| 233487528 | Hajj | The fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah | 15 | |
| 233487529 | Ridda Wars | Wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored unity of Islam | 16 | |
| 233487530 | Shi'a | The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendents as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 17 | |
| 233487531 | Mawali | Non-Arab converts to Islam | 18 | |
| 233487532 | Abu al-Abbas | The chief leader of the rebellion that brought the Umayyad Dynasty to an end; a descendant of Muhammad's uncle; he was a Sunni Arab | 19 | |
| 233487533 | Ayan | The wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule | 20 | |
| 233487534 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam | 21 | |
| 233487535 | Medina | City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca | 22 | |
| 233487536 | Ka'ba | Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shrine in Islam | 23 | |
| 233487537 | Quran | Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam | 24 | |
| 233487540 | Zakat | The fourth pillar of Islam is almsgiving as an act of worship | 25 | |
| 233487541 | Ali | The fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites | 26 | |
| 233487543 | Jihad | A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal | 27 | |
| 233487545 | Dhimmis | A person of a non-Muslim religion whose right to practice that religion is protected within an Islamic society | 28 | |
| 233487547 | Hadith | A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law | 29 | |
| 233487549 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design | 30 | |
| 233487553 | Ramadan | The ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset | 31 |
