Terms : Hide Images
| 4073611526 | light microscope | light passes through the specimen and then through the glass lens. The lens then refracts or bends it causing the image to be magnified (x10) | 0 | |
| 4073621305 | 3 parameters of the microscope | magnification, resolution, contrast | 1 | |
| 4073627402 | magnification | ratio of the image size to the real size | 2 | |
| 4073628830 | resolution | measure of the clarity of an image, you can distinguish between 2 points of a specimen | 3 | |
| 4073641922 | contrast | difference in brightness between light and dark areas of an image | 4 | |
| 4073644457 | organelles | membrane enclosed structures within eukaryotes | 5 | |
| 4073647468 | why is the LM so important | organelles and cells are so small that you can not see them with an unaided eye | 6 | |
| 4073652937 | Electron microscope | focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface | 7 | |
| 4073657244 | scanning electron microscope | used for detailed study, topography of a specimen | 8 | |
| 4073660451 | transmission electron microscope | study the internal structure of cells | 9 | |
| 4073661952 | cell fraction | used for studying cell structure and function, takes apart and separates large organelles from subcellular structures | 10 | |
| 4073665420 | centrifuge | helps with cell fraction, spins the tubes with cells until the reach to the bottom where you can easily distinguish which cell part it is and what the function is | 11 | |
| 4073670709 | 2 parts of a cell | prokaryotic and eukaryotic | 12 | |
| 4073674756 | Which two domains consist of prokaryote cells? | bacteria and archaea | 13 | |
| 4073676529 | eukaryotic | protists, fungi, Animalia and plantae | 14 | |
| 4073680578 | Describe the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in the location of their DNA | Ps: nucleoid, not membrane enclosed Es: nucleus, membrane enclosed | 15 | |
| 4073691345 | Why are cells so small | Need for surface area. Important in cells that exchange a lot of material with their surroundings | 16 | |
| 4073696897 | how are euks and pros similar | -plasma membrane -cytosol -choromosomes -ribosomes | 17 | |
| 4073700849 | plasma membrane | selective membrane and that allows only a certain amount of oxygen, waste and nutrients to help keep the cell going | 18 | |
| 4073705657 | cytosol | jelly like substance inside, keeps out subcellular things | 19 | |
| 4073707198 | chromosomes | where DNA is stored | 20 | |
| 4073715976 | cytoplasm | anything in-between the nucleus and plasma membrane | 21 | |
| 4073723114 | nucleus (E) | houses most of the cells DNA | 22 | |
| 4073763754 | nuclear envelope (E) | houses the nucleus and separates it from the cytosol | 23 | |
| 4073781491 | chromatin (E) | the protein that the DNA is made up out of | 24 | |
| 4073815577 | ribosomes | responsible for protein synthesis | 25 | |
| 4073817504 | what are ribosomes made up of? | ribosomal RNA and proteins | 26 | |
| 4073832415 | free ribosomes | floating in the cytoplasm | 27 | |
| 4073834048 | bound ribosomes | attached to the ER or the outside of the nuclear envelope | 28 | |
| 4073963317 | vesicles | sacs made up of membrane | 29 | |
| 4073965415 | endomembrane system | regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell | 30 | |
| 4088619694 | nucleoplasm | gel like substance that chromatin is wrapped in | 31 | |
| 4088623790 | nuclear envelope | has two membranes (outer and inner) | 32 | |
| 4088624325 | what does each membrane in a nuclear envelope have | a phospholipid bilayer | 33 | |
| 4088625681 | phospholipid bilayer | made up of hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads | 34 | |
| 4088626557 | hydrophobic tails | fears water, faces inward | 35 | |
| 4088626767 | hydrophilic head | likes water, faces outward | 36 | |
| 4088627429 | microvilli | increases a cells surface area and absorbs nutrients from digested food | 37 | |
| 4088629138 | cytoskeleton | supports cell shape | 38 | |
| 4088629585 | flagella | helps bacteria move | 39 | |
| 4088630154 | DNA in a eukaryotic cell vs a prokaryotic cell | E=linear P=circular | 40 | |
| 4088653721 | what is a ribosome made out of | RNA and proteins and two RNA subunits (small and large) | 41 | |
| 4088667489 | mRNA | (messenger RNA) carries genetic (DNA) information from nucleus to ribosomes | 42 | |
| 4088669162 | RNA | ribonucleic acid | 43 | |
| 4088669326 | RNA function | protein synthesis | 44 | |
| 4088673006 | translation in eukaryotes | ribosomes get their protein synthesis information | 45 | |
| 4092133134 | DNA-->mRNA happens where | nucleus | 46 | |
| 4092133348 | DNA-->mRNA is called what | transcription | 47 | |
| 4092133777 | mRNA-->protein happens where | ribosome | 48 | |
| 4092134109 | mRNA--->protein is called what | translation | 49 | |
| 4092134543 | cytosol vs cytoplasm | cytosol=fluid between organelles cytoplasm=everything INSIDE the cell | 50 | |
| 4092135279 | maturation | when the protein inside the Golgi apparatus gets ready for transport | 51 | |
| 4092186129 | vacuoles | storage compartment | 52 | |
| 4092186865 | lysosome are in | animal cells | 53 | |
| 4092187121 | lysosome | membrane bound structure where things go to be recycled | 54 | |
| 4097334714 | pancreatic cell | secrete digestive enzymes which go to the small intestine and break down nutrients from food | 55 | |
| 4097376052 | main role of endomembrane system | export proteins from cell | 56 | |
| 4097436231 | vesicles | (little spheres of membrane than can bud off from one membrane and fuse with another | 57 | |
| 4097440670 | golgi apparatus | shipping center | 58 | |
| 4097445504 | ER | where certain proteins and lipids are synthesized | 59 | |
| 4097451432 | endomembrane functions | modification, packaging, and transport of proteins | 60 | |
| 4097457557 | lumen | space inside the ER | 61 | |
| 4097459083 | cisternae | sacs inside the ER (comes in flat stacks) | 62 | |
| 4097537745 | important role of rough ER | synthezise new phospholipids for the membrane | 63 | |
| 4097539177 | what does synthesize mean | to make | 64 | |
| 4097552427 | glycolipids | lipids with a carbohydrate group attached to it | 65 | |
| 4097612115 | how many functions are there for smooth ER | 3 | 66 | |
| 4097613943 | 1st smooth er function | 1. produce lipids, glycolipds, phosopholipids, steroids and cholesterol | 67 | |
| 4097617815 | 2nd smooth er function | detox (drugs and other harmful substances) | 68 | |
| 4097619113 | 3rd smooth er function | storage of calcium ions | 69 | |
| 4097633394 | transitional ER | does not have any ribosomes located where vesicles bud off from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus | 70 | |
| 4097647215 | what is the golgi apparatus made up of | cisternae | 71 | |
| 4097655734 | nickname for golgi apparatus | post office | 72 | |
| 4097655735 | function of golgi app | proteins are modified, tagged and sorted before they reach their final destination | 73 | |
| 4097680830 | nickname for lysosomes | recycling center | 74 | |
| 4097786022 | autophagy | the process where the enzymes in lysosomes break down a cells old, damaged proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids----->usuable components that can be reused | 75 | |
| 4097806594 | endocytosis | digesting particles that were brought from outside of the cells | 76 | |
| 4097835355 | contractile vacuoles | pumps excess water out of the cell and maintains a water balance | 77 | |
| 4097836684 | vacuoles are located where | mostly in plant cells, but they can be found in animal cells...SOMETIMES | 78 | |
| 4099855796 | mitochondria nickname | powerhouse | 79 | |
| 4099857588 | mitochondria | responsible for creating ATP or energy | 80 | |
| 4099858826 | mitochondria structure | -outer membrane -phospholipid bilayer -porins -inner membrane -matrix -intermembrane space | 81 | |
| 4099860204 | porins | tunnel proteins forms holes on the outer membrane only allows small molecules, like sugar and ions, to pass passively but not large ones. | 82 | |
| 4099877880 | crista | the folds in the mitochondria | 83 | |
| 4099878703 | matrix | inside inner membrane | 84 | |
| 4099880222 | inter membrane space | space between inner and outer membrane | 85 | |
| 4100035251 | chloroplasts | carry out photosynthesis | 86 | |
| 4100035773 | photosynthesis | light energy into usable energy and oxygen | 87 | |
| 4100036425 | thylakoids | membrane disks in center oh chloroplast | 88 | |
| 4100038516 | thylakoid space | empty space in thylakoids | 89 | |
| 4100040504 | stroma | fluid space in thylakoids | 90 | |
| 4100042039 | in a chloroplast where are dna and ribosomes found | stroma | 91 | |
| 4106868399 | Endosymbiont Theory | basically that the mitochondria and chloroplast were once free-living prokaryotes with fully functioning metabolic properties. they were once engulfed by eukaryotes and instead of being digested they formed a mutually beneficial relationship | 92 | |
| 4106985699 | what is the function of the peroxisomes | The breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of alcohol in the liver. | 93 | |
| 4106987551 | what do peroxisomes produce | hydrogen peroxide H2O2 | 94 | |
| 4107091700 | three proteins in eukaryotic cells that make up the cytoskeleton | microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules | 95 | |
| 4107288015 | microfilament | a fiber composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction | 96 | |
| 4107289354 | actin | actin a globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments in muscle and other kinds of cells | 97 | |
| 4107292828 | microtubule | a small protein fiber composed of tubulin that is found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that makes up the cytoskeleton, and plays a role in cell structure and movement | 98 | |
| 4107298697 | centrosome | in the cytoplasm of animal cells that is important during cell division; functions as a microtubule-organizing center | 99 | |
| 4107301730 | flagellum | long, hair like, used to move an entire cell | 100 | |
| 4107366400 | myosin | a type of protein filament that acts as a motor protein to cause cell contraction | 101 | |
| 4107367850 | intermediate filament | a component of the cytoskeleton made of keratin proteins that are specialized for bearing tension, reinforcing the shape of a cell, and fixing the position of certain organelles | 102 | |
| 4107527486 | ECM | extracellular matrix | 103 | |
| 4107528870 | extracellular matrix | the substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded, consisting of protein and polysaccharides synthesized and secreted by cells | 104 | |
| 4107553467 | proteoglycan | a glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells, rich in carbohydrates | 105 | |
| 4107576793 | cell wall | in plants, a protective outer coat that surrounds, protects and gives the cell shape | 106 | |
| 4107578676 | cellulose, | major component in plant cells it is a polysaccharide made up of beta glucose monomers. | 107 | |
| 4107583035 | Why is cellulose important? what is it used for? | Cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls and provides rigidity to the plant cell. | 108 | |
| 4107732873 | gap junction | an intercellular junction in animal cells that allows the passage of ions, sugars, amino acids, and other small molecules between cells; also called communicating junctions | 109 | |
| 4107739548 | tight junctions | a water tight seal between 2 animal cells | 110 |
