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| 264794651 | Bedouiner | nomadic tribes originally from nothern Arabia who became important traders after the domestication of the camel during the 1st millennium B.C.E. Early converts to Islam, their values and practices deeply affected Muhammad. | 0 | |
| 264794652 | Sheikh | originally, the ruler of a Bedouin tribe: Later, also used as a more general honorific | 1 | |
| 264794653 | Majlis | a council of elders among the Bedouins of the Roman Era | 2 | |
| 264794654 | Hegira | the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622, which marks the first date on the official calender of Islam. | 3 | |
| 264794655 | Umma | the Muslim community as a whole | 4 | |
| 264794656 | Five Pillars of Islam: | the core requirements of the faith, observation of which would lead to paradise: belief in Allah and his prophet, Muhammad; prescribed prayers; observation of Ramadan; pilgrimage to Mecca; and giving alms to the poor | 5 | |
| 264794657 | Ramadan | the holy month of Islam, during which believers fast from dawn to sunset; because the Islamic calendar is lunar, Ramadan migrats thorugh the seasons | 6 | |
| 264794658 | Ulama | a convocation of leading Muslim scholars, the earliest of which shortly after the death of Muhammad drew up a law code, called the Shari'a, based largely on the Qur'an and the sayings of the Prophet, to provide believers with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives | 7 | |
| 264794659 | Shari'a | a law code, originlly drawn up by Muslim scholars shortly after the death of Muhammad, that provides believers with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives | 8 | |
| 264794660 | Hadith | a collection of the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, used to supplement the revelations contained in the Qur'an | 9 | |
| 264794661 | Caliph | the secular leader of the Islamic community | 10 | |
| 264794662 | Imam | an islamic religious leader. Some traditions say there is only one per generation; others use the term more broadly | 11 | |
| 264794663 | Sunni | the largest tradition of Islam, from hich the Shi'ites split soon after the death of Muhammad in a disagreement over his succession | 12 | |
| 264794664 | Shi'ites | the second largest tradition of Islam, which split from the majority Sunni soon after the death of Muhammad in a disagreement over his succession; especially significant in Iran and Iraw | 13 | |
| 264794665 | Sultan | means "holder of power"; a title commonly used by Muslim rulers in the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, and elsewhere; still in use in parts of Asia, sometimes for regional authorities | 14 | |
| 264794666 | Crusades | in the Middle Ages, a military compaign in the defense of Christendom | 15 |
