Terms : Hide Images
| 988406912 | Lateen | Triangular sails attached to the masts of dhows by long booms or yards arms, which extended | 1 | |
| 988406913 | Al-Mahdi | Third of the Abbasid caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shi'a to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve problem of succession | 2 | |
| 988406914 | Harun al-Rashid | One of the greatest Islamic rulers of the Abbasid era | 3 | |
| 988406915 | Buyids | Regional splinter dynasty of the mid-10th century; invaded and captured Baghdad; ruled Abbasid empire under title of Sultan; retained Abbasids as figureheadss | 4 | |
| 988406916 | Seljuk Turks | Nomaid invaders from central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century | 5 | |
| 988406917 | Crusades | Series of military adventures initially launched by western Christians to free Holy Land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms; later used for other purposes such as commercial wars and extermination of heresy | 6 | |
| 988406918 | Saladin | Muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th century; reconquered most of the crusader outposts for Islam | 7 | |
| 988406919 | Ibn Khaldun | A Muslim historian; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of 3 generations - strong, weak, dissolute | 8 | |
| 988406920 | Shah Nama | Written by Firdawsi in the late 10th and early 11th centuries; relates history of Persia from creation to the Islamic conquests | 9 | |
| 988406921 | ulama | Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; increasingly opposed to non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking | 10 | |
| 988406922 | al-Ghazali | Brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama | 11 | |
| 988406923 | Mongols | Central Asia nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph | 12 | |
| 988406924 | Chinggis Khan | Born in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died prior to conquest of most of Islamic world | 13 | |
| 988406925 | Hulegu | Ruler of Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad | 14 | |
| 988406926 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance | 15 | |
| 988406927 | Muhammad ibn Quasim | Arab general; conquered Sind in India, declared the region and Indus valley to be part of the Umayyad empire | 16 | |
| 988406928 | Mahmud of Ghanzi | 3rd ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; led invasions of northern India; credited with sacking of one of wealthiest Hindu temple in northern India; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance and aggression | 17 | |
| 988406929 | Muhammad of Ghur | Military commander of Persian extraction who ruled small mountain kingdom in Afghanistan; began process of conquest to establish Muslim political control of northern India; brought much of Indus valley, Sind, and northern India under his control | 18 | |
| 988406930 | Qutb-ud-din Aibak | Lieutenant of Muhammad of Ghur; established kingdom in India with capital at Delphi; proclaimed himself Sultan of India | 19 | |
| 988406931 | Bhaktic cults | Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; strssed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the gods or goddess who was the object of their veneration; most widely worshiped gods were Shiva and Vishnu | 20 | |
| 988406932 | Mira Bai | Celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women | 21 | |
| 988406933 | Kabi | Muslim mystic; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam | 22 | |
| 988406934 | Shrivijaya | Trading empire centered on Malacca Straits between Malaya and Sumatra; controlled trade of empire; Buddhist government resistant to Muslim missionaries; fall opened up southeastern Asia to Muslim conversion | 23 | |
| 988406935 | Malacca | Portuguese factory of fortified trade town located on the tip of the Malayan peninsula; traditionally a center for trade among the southeastern Asian islands | 24 | |
| 988406936 | Demak | Most powerful of the trading states on the north coast of Java; converted to Islam and served as a point of dissemination to other ports | 25 |
