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| 14718505850 | Harun al-Rashid (r. 786-809) | one of the great Islamic rulers of the Abbasid era | 0 | |
| 14719139879 | Buyids | regional splinter dynasty (10th century); invaded and captured Baghdad; ruled Abbasid Empire (Sultan "victorious" in Arabic) | 1 | |
| 14835733808 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central asia via perisa; loyal to Sunnis; ruled in name of Abbasid caliphs in 11th century | 2 | |
| 14835769995 | Crusades | military adventures sent by christians to free holy land from Muslims; later used for commercial wars and extermination of heresy | 3 | |
| 14835783744 | Saladin | muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th century; reconquered most of the crusader outposts for Islam | 4 | |
| 14835796818 | Omar Khayyam | A Muslim poet, mathematician, and astronomer; famous for Rubaiyat | 5 | |
| 14835823700 | Shah-Nama | Written by Firdawsi in late 10th and early 11th centuries; relates history of Persia from creation to the Islamic conquests | 6 | |
| 14835833697 | Ulama | orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for more conservative and restrictive theology (study and nature of god) | 7 | |
| 14835853285 | Al-Ghazi | brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by the Ulama | 8 | |
| 14835886248 | Sufism | a practice in which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God | 9 | |
| 14836057446 | Mongols | central asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian Kingdoms (east of Baghdad in the 1220s); captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last abbasid caliph (37th caliph) | 10 | |
| 14836494253 | Chinggis Khan | Born in 1170; elected khagan (title of emperor in turkic/Mongolic) of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquests of northern kingdoms of China; died in 1227 before conquest of most Islamic world | 11 | |
| 14836512602 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance | 12 | |
| 14836527380 | Hulegu | ruler of IIkhan Khante; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad in 1257 | 13 | |
| 14836541619 | Sind | A city in India that Muhammad ibn Qasim conquered because the attack in Islam merchants | 14 | |
| 14836581334 | Muhammad ibn Qasim | Arab/Umayyad general; conquered Sind in India; declared the region and the Indus valley to part of the Umayyad empire | 15 | |
| 14836596550 | Muhammad of Ghur | Military commander of Persian extraction who ruled small mountain kingdoms in Afghanistan; began process of conquests to establish Muslim political control of northern India; Indus valley, Sind and north western India were under his control; 937-1030 | 16 | |
| 14836624991 | Mahmud of Ghaznii | Third ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; let invasion in northern India; credited with sacking one of the wealthiest Hindu temples in northern India; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance and aggression | 17 | |
| 14836644222 | Bhaktic Cults | Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the god or goddesses who was the object of their veneration (great respect); most widely worshipped gods were Shiva and Vishnu | 18 | |
| 14836659933 | Mira Bai | Celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of Bhaktic Cults to women | 19 | |
| 14836665135 | Kabir | Muslim mystic; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam | 20 | |
| 14836670566 | Shiva | The most deep respected god | 21 | |
| 14836676944 | Shrivijaya | Trading empire centered on Malacca Straits between Malaya and Sumatra; controlled trade of empire; Buddhist government resistant to Muslim missionaries; fall opened up southeastern Asia to Muslim conversion. | 22 | |
| 14836691435 | Malacca | Portuguese factory or fortified trade town located on the tip of the Malayan peninsula; traditionally a center for trade among the southeastern Asian islands. | 23 | |
| 14836694961 | Demak | Most powerful of the trading states on north coast of Java; converted to Islam and served as point of dissemination to other ports | 24 | |
| 14836697974 | Abbasid succession | through Harun al-Rashid; the fall when the Mongols attacked | 25 | |
| 14836820351 | Map 8.3 | Arab colonies where established in other coastal areas, such as Malabar to the south and Bengal in the east | 26 | |
| 14836862068 | Map 8.2 | Long distance trade between the Middle East and Mediterranean Europe and between coastal India and southeast Asia in addition to the overland caravan trade with China, flourished through the Abbasid era | 27 | |
| 14836877543 | Map 8.1 | Areas as close to the capital as Egypt and Syria broke away from Abbasid rule | 28 | |
| 14836884505 | Abbasid Women | Women's status was low, wives and concubines were restricted in entering the quarters of the Imperial palace but slave concubines could win their freedom by grooming a healthy son for the rulers | 29 | |
| 14836901906 | Abbasid Economy | The Abbasids built on Umayyad traditions and had a development on literature, science, technology, and art, because of the developments it was thought to be the golden age of Islamic culture and economy, fusions of other races joining the Islam community helped the empire grow larger | 30 | |
| 14836971099 | Nomadism | a community of people who move from one place to another, either with their livestock or subsisting on hunting and gathering. | 31 | |
| 14837088190 | Hellenism | Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam. | 32 | |
| 14837150303 | Social resistance of Islam | the resistance from Hinduism | 33 | |
| 14837188603 | Spread of Islam in islands of southeast asia | when Muhammad ibn Qasim conquered Sind | 34 | |
| 14837198014 | Al Biruni | he was able to calculate the specific weight 18 major minerals; indicated the sophistication of Muslim scientific techniques | 35 | |
| 14837224509 | Al Razi | Greatest Muslim physician; classified all materials substances into three categories: animal, vegetable, and minerals | 36 | |
| 14837236584 | Qur'an | recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam | 37 | |
| 14837317247 | Abbasid Slavery | Women: Slave concubines; when Harun al-rashid died people fought for the position of successor, one of them recruited a "bodyguard" of some 4,000 slaves as mercenaries, later on he increased to more than 70,000; these slaves later on murdered their leader and then took control of the Abbasid throne | 38 | |
| 14837341243 | Ibn Khaldun | A Muslim historian; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of three generations - strong, weak, dissolute. | 39 |
