Sasanid Empire and Islamic Rise
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| 11291535595 | Sasanid Empire | Iranian Empire (Est. 224) in Ctesiphon Mesopotamia -Zoroastrianism as state religion -Overthrown my Islamic Arab armies in 651 | 0 | |
| 11291733708 | Ardashir | 227 C. E. killed the Parthian king and proclaimed the Sassanian Empire. | 1 | |
| 11291736449 | Sasanid Politics | -conflict with Byzantine -Subsidised nomadic arabs to protect their desertt borders -attacks between 340-628 -cities were small, walled communities, more like military forts -effectively integrated frontier peoples | 2 | |
| 11291777127 | New Sassanian Crops | Sugar cane, rice, citrus trees, eggplants and more gained from India and China | 3 | |
| 11291783231 | Nestorians | Believed human traits and divinity coexisted -that Mary was not the mother of God, rather a Human Jesus | 4 | |
| 11291812612 | Manichaesim | Mani founded a new religion, a dualist faith of good vs evil | 5 | |
| 11291816995 | Arab Involvement in Caravan trade | Arab pastoralists supplied camels and guides -invention of North Arabian camel saddles allowed them to begin to control middle eastern trade | 6 | |
| 11291859076 | Effects of this caravan trade | met cultures and lifestyles of sansanid and Byzantine | 7 | |
| 11291862634 | Semetic polytheism | Worship of natural forces and celestial bodies | 8 | |
| 11291869016 | Mecca | Quarysh settled in 5 century -controlled trade -center of Islamic religion | 9 | |
| 11291941144 | Ka'ba | a cubical shrine with idols inside | 10 | |
| 11291944282 | Muhammad | the founder of Islam -the angel Gabriel spoke to him and said there is one god -he shared this slowly and then it became Islam | 11 | |
| 11291960550 | Khadija | Muhammad's wife | 12 | |
| 11291982796 | Muslim | A follower of Islam | 13 | |
| 11291982797 | Islam | Submission to the will of Allah | 14 | |
| 11291986878 | Medina | City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. | 15 | |
| 11291990502 | Hijira | Beginning of the Islamic calendar in 622 C.E.; Marked the flight from Mecca | 16 | |
| 11291993387 | Umma | The community of all Muslims | 17 | |
| 11291995731 | Abu Bakr | first caliph after death of Muhammad | 18 | |
| 11291997926 | Kalifa (Caliph) | Successor the the prophet Muhammad and ruler of the Islamic Empire | 19 | |
| 11292001904 | 5 Pillars of Islam | Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, Pilgrimage | 20 | |
| 11292008164 | Qur'an | The holy book of Islam | 21 | |
| 11292011194 | Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites | 22 | |
| 11292013857 | Shi'ites | Muslims that believe that only direct descendants of Muhammad should become caliph | 23 | |
| 11292013873 | Umayyad Caliphate | Family of caliphs who ruled the Islamic world from 661 to 750 C.E. | 24 | |
| 11292017831 | Sunnis | Muslims belonging to branch of Islam believing that the community should select its own leadership. The majority religion in most Islamic countries. | 25 | |
| 11292023675 | Umar | second caliph, lead Arabian conquests | 26 | |
| 11292026303 | Islamic Conquests | 636-732; Muslims conquered the Arabian Peninsula, established the Islamic Empire; Expanded into North Africa, Spain, & Middle East | 27 | |
| 11292028601 | Abbasid Caliphate | Descendants of Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas -overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad (founded 762) from 750 to 1258. | 28 | |
| 11292034120 | "Golden Age" | Abbasid dynasty became a cosmopolitan center | 29 | |
| 11292038268 | Abbasid decline | Revolts thoughout the Empire began, the economy was hurt by this and other factors | 30 | |
| 11292047508 | Mamluks | tukish military slaves that became military to Abbasid | 31 | |
| 11292115229 | Buyid Family | influence from Northern Iran | 32 | |
| 11292115230 | Samanids | ONe of Iranian families with independance, established as a court in 875 | 33 | |
| 11292125342 | Sijulmasa and Tahert | city-states developed after Beber revolts +wealthy cities that influenced trade and trans-saharam routes | 34 | |
| 11292154293 | Ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharam W africa -A modern W african nation | 35 | |
| 11292160734 | Fatamid Dynasty | Egypt/North Africa. Descendants of Fatima, Muhammads daughter -conquered egypt | 36 | |
| 11292174812 | Al-Adulas | Powerful city in Islamic Empire | 37 | |
| 11292177197 | Ulama | Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. | 38 | |
| 11292183682 | Sultan | Arabic title "power" | 39 | |
| 11292186882 | Seljuk Turks | established turkish-Muslim state | 40 | |
| 11292195288 | Saracens | name of the muslim enemy, given by crusaders | 41 | |
| 11292200434 | Salah-al-din | a Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem in 1187, leading to the Third Crusade | 42 | |
| 11292202919 | Shari'a | law of Islam | 43 | |
| 11292206090 | Hadith | relating words or deeds of teh Prophet Muhammad -became basis of most of Islamic Law | 44 | |
| 11292216444 | Conversion-Related Migration | Conversion was based on learning through exposure, so many had to go to Islamic communities to learn about the Religion | 45 | |
| 11292223818 | Science and Tech in the Muslim World | Science was allowed to fluorish as it wasn't seen as contradicting their faith, | 46 | |
| 11292244268 | Women under Islamic Law | Not equal, but better off that Christian and Jewish counterparts -little travel, stayed inside -didn't leave without covering -public roles bared -only slave women could perform in front of unrelated men -could go on pilgrimages | 47 | |
| 11292264363 | A'isha | a beloved wife of Muhammad who is known for transmitting many hadith | 48 | |
| 11292267015 | People of the Book | what Muslims called Christians and Jews which means that they too only believe in one god | 49 | |
| 11292270507 | Madrasa | a religious college that gained sudden popularity in Iran | 50 | |
| 11292274014 | Sufism | Islamic mysticism | 51 |
