Terms : Hide Images
| 215310144 | memory | the presistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information | |
| 215310145 | flashbulb memory | a clear memory of an emotionaly significant moment or event | |
| 215310146 | encoding | the processing of infromation into the memory system | |
| 215310147 | storage | the retention of encoded information | |
| 215310148 | retrieval | the process of getting information | |
| 215310149 | sensory memory | the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system | |
| 215310150 | short-term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly | |
| 215310151 | long-term memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system | |
| 215310152 | working memory | a newer understanding of short-term memory that involves consious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information and of information retrieved from long-term memory | |
| 215310153 | automatic processing | unconsious encoding of incidential information, such as space, time and frequency | |
| 215310154 | effortful processing | encoding that requires attention and concious effort | |
| 215310155 | rehearsal | that concious repetion of information, either to maintain it in consiousness or to encode it for storage | |
| 221929883 | selective attention | the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect | |
| 221929884 | inattentional blindness | failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere | |
| 221929885 | elaborative rehearsal | linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention of information in short-term memory | |
| 221929886 | spacing effect | the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice | |
| 221929887 | self reference effect | the tendency to process efficiently and remember well information related to oneself | |
| 221929888 | primacy effect | The tendency to show greater memory for information that comes first in a sequence. | |
| 221929889 | maintenance rehearsal | A system for remembering involving repeating information to oneself without attempting to find meaning in it | |
| 221929890 | visual encoding | the encoding of picture images | |
| 221929891 | acoustic encoding | the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words | |
| 221929892 | semantic encoding | the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words | |
| 221929893 | imagery | language that appeals to the senses | |
| 221929894 | mnemonics | memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices | |
| 221929895 | method of loci | a mnemonic technique that involves associating items on a list with a sequence of familiar physical locations | |
| 221929896 | chunking | organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically | |
| 221929897 | next in line effect | when people go around in a circle saying words or their names, their poorest memories are for what was said by the person just before them | |
| 221929898 | George Miller | Found that short term memory has the capacity of about 7 (+/- 2) items. | |
| 221929899 | schema | a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information | |
| 221929900 | iconic memory | a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second | |
| 221929901 | echoic memory | a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds | |
| 221929902 | haptic memory | encoding by sense of touch. hand remember how your soft blanket feels | |
| 221929903 | Karl Lashley | found that memories do not reside in single, specific spots; forgetting occurs when experiences interfere with our retrieval and physical memory trace decays | |
| 221929904 | engram | Lashley's term for physical trace or etching of memory in the brain | |
| 221929905 | long-term potentation | an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basic for learning and memory | |
| 221929906 | Eric Kandel | Studied the sea slug Aplysia and posited that learning and memory are evidenced by changes in synapses and neural pathways. | |
| 221929907 | amnesia | loss of memory | |
| 221929908 | implicit memory | retention independent of conscious recollection | |
| 221929909 | explicit memory | memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" | |
| 221929910 | episodic memory | memory for episodes in your own life | |
| 221929911 | semantic memory | memory for general knowledge | |
| 221929912 | eidetic memory | the ability to remember with great accuracy visual information on the basis of short-term exposure | |
| 221929913 | hippocampus | a neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage | |
| 221929914 | cerebellum | the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance | |
| 221929915 | retrograde amnesia | loss of memories that were stored before a traumatic event | |
| 221929916 | anterograde amnesia | Inability to store new memories after a traumatic event | |
| 221929917 | psychogenic amnesia | loss of memory resulting from repression of psychological, emotional trauma or damage | |
| 221929918 | organic amnesia | loss of memory resulting from physical trauma or damage to the brain | |
| 221929919 | recall | A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test. | |
| 221929920 | recognition | a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test | |
| 221929921 | relearning | a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time | |
| 221929922 | deja vu | that eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience. | |
| 221929923 | mood-congruent memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood | |
| 221929924 | state-dependent memory | Learning that takes place in one situation or "state" is generally better remembered later in a similar situation or state. | |
| 221929925 | Hermann Ebbinghaus | the first person to study memory scientifically and systematically; used nonsense syllables and recorded how many times he had to study a list to remember it well | |
| 221929926 | proactive interference | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information | |
| 221929927 | repression | in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories | |
| 221929928 | misinformation effect | incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event | |
| 221929929 | source amnesia | attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined | |
| 221929930 | Elizabeth Loftus | research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony |
