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| 48864380 | Byzantine Empire | began in 4th century CE; Eastern Roman Empire; capital at Constantinople; high levels of commerce due to location on the Eastern Mediterranean | 0 | |
| 48864381 | Justinian | Eastern Roman emperor between 527 and 565 CE; tried to restore unity of old Roman Empire; issued most famous compilation of Roman Law; extended later Roman architecture (ex. Hagia Sopia) | 1 | |
| 48864382 | Hagia Sophia | new church constructed in Constantinople during reign of Justinian; featured construction of a large dome | 2 | |
| 48864383 | Belisarius | one of Justinian's most important military commanders during period of reconquest of Western Europe; commended in North Africa and Italy | 3 | |
| 48868472 | Greek Fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals (petroleum, quicklime, sulfur) that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople | 4 | |
| 48868473 | Bulgaria | Slavic Kingdom established in Northern portions of Balkan peninsula; constant source of pressure on Byzantine Empire; defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014; became part of the Byzantine Empire; king took the title "tsar" | 5 | |
| 48901199 | Kievan Rus' | first civilization in Russia; influenced by the Byzantine Empire | 6 | |
| 48901200 | Kiev | trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in the 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to the 12th century | 7 | |
| 48901201 | Rurik of Denmark | legedary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 CE | 8 | |
| 48901202 | Vladimir I | ruler of Russian Kingdom of Kiev from 980 to 1015; converted kingdom to Christianity | 9 | |
| 48901203 | Russian Orthodox | Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine Empire and combined with local religion; king characteristically controlled major appointments | 10 | |
| 48901204 | Boyars | Russian aristocrats; possessed less political power than did their counterparts in western Europe | 11 | |
| 48901205 | Tatars | Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievan state in 1236; left Russian orthodoxy and aristocracy in tact | 12 | |
| 49912077 | Cyril & Methodius | missionaries sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and the Balkans to orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written Slavic script | 13 | |
| 49912078 | Iconoclasm | religious controversy within the Byzantine Empire in the 8th century; "breaking of the images"; emperor attempted to suppress veneration of icons | 14 |
