Chapter 2 terms
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| The smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical means. | ||
| A pure substance made of only one kind of atom. | ||
| A substance made up of the joined atoms of two or more different elements. | ||
| The smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance; it can consist of one atom or two or more atoms bonded togeather. | ||
| An atom, radical or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge. | ||
| An attraction between substances of the same kind. | ||
| An attraction between different substances. | ||
| A proccess powered by adhesion that causes water molecules to move upward through a narrow tube such as the stem of a plant. | ||
| A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance. | ||
| Compounds that form hydrgen ions when dissolved in water are called... | ||
| Compoundes that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution are called... | ||
| Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1. | ||
| The building blocks of carbohydrates are single sugars such as glucose and fructose. | ||
| Are double sugars formed when two monosaccharides are joined. | ||
| Such as starch, are chains of three or more monysaccharides. | ||
| A large molecule made of many smalles molecules. | ||
| A polysaccharide that prvides structural suppost for plants. | ||
| Nonpolar molecules that are not soluble or mostly insoluble in water. They include fats, phospholipds, steroids, and waxes. | ||
| Make up the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. | ||
| Lipids that store energy. | ||
| A long chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms bonded to them. | ||
| A fatty acid were bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms, that can store a lot of energy. They are also Relatively straight molecules such as animal fats,butter, lard and grease that are solid at room temprature. | ||
| A fatty acid were the carbon atoms are linked by a "double" covalent bond each with only one hydrogen atom producing kinks in the molecule such as olive oil, fish and vegetable oils. These are generally liquid at room temprature. | ||
| A usually large molecule formed by linked smaller molecules called amino acids. | ||
| The building blocks of proteins which can be electrically charged. | ||
| A long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides. | ||
| Is made up of a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group. This contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms. | ||
| Consists of two strands of nucleotides that spiral around each other. Chromosomes contain long strands of these which store heredity information. | ||
| Consists of a single strand of nucleotides or of based paired nucleotides.Plays a key role in the manufactoring of proteinss. | ||
| A biological molecule that is a single nucleotide with two extra energy storing phosphate groups. | ||
| The ability to move or change matter. | ||
| A process during which chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new ones are formed. Producing one or more different substances. | ||
| The starting materials for chemical reactions. | ||
| The newly formed substances. | ||
| The energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called... | ||
| Substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions. | ||
| Substances that reduce the activation energy of a chemical reaction. | ||
| a substance on which and enzyme acts during a chemical reaction. | ||
| Assists in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide,H202, a toxin formed in the cells. | ||
| The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate. |
