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| 67356762 | calorimeter | instrument used to measure energy | |
| 67356763 | heat | the flow of energy from a body at a higher temperature to one at a lower temperature | |
| 67356764 | heat capacity | the amount of heat a substance must absorb for its temperature to be raised by 1 degree Celsius | |
| 67356765 | molecule | chemical bonds join two or more atoms into units | |
| 67356766 | exothermic | release of energy | |
| 67356767 | endothermic | absorption of energy | |
| 67356768 | entropy | state of disorder | |
| 67356769 | enthalpy | energy states of reactants or products | |
| 67356770 | heat of formation | the amount of heat that's released or absorbed when 1 mole of the compound is formed from its elements | |
| 67356771 | spontaneous reaction | a reaction that will occur at a given temperature without the input of energy | |
| 67356772 | energy shell | a collection of orbitals with roughly similar sizes | |
| 67356773 | shape | an important characteristic of orbitals | |
| 67356774 | subshell | orbitals that have the same shape in a given energy shell | |
| 67356775 | heisenberg principle | it is impossible to know both the position and the momentum of an electron at the same time | |
| 67356776 | bohr model | the incorrect idea that electrons orbit the nucleus in true orbits | |
| 67356777 | de broglie's hypothesis | matter (including electrons) can be thought of as having properties of both a particle and a wave | |
| 67356778 | radioactive | unstable atoms that have a tendency to break apart | |
| 67356779 | geiger counter | used to detect and measure radioactive particles | |
| 67356780 | alpha decay | alpha particle emitted, atomic number decreases by 2; the mass number decreases by 4 | |
| 67356781 | beta decay | a neutron is converted to a proton, an electron is emitted, the atomic number increases by 1, mass number stays the same | |
| 67356782 | positron emission | a proton is converted to a neutron, a positron is emitted, the atomic number decreases by 1, the mass number stays the same | |
| 67356783 | gamma decay | a nucleus releases energy in the form of high energy radiation, a gamma photon is emitted | |
| 67356784 | half-life | the rate of radioactive decay of a substance | |
| 67356785 | ionization energy | energy required to remove an electron from an atom | |
| 67356786 | electronegativity | how much an atom "pulls" on electrons in a bond | |
| 67356787 | atomic radius | distance from the center of an atom to the edge | |
| 67356788 | metallic character | how easily an atom gives up an electron in a bond | |
| 67356789 | ionic bond | atoms gain or lose electrons to form a stable octet, ions held together by electrostatic attraction | |
| 67356790 | covalent bond | sharing of electrons to form a stable octet | |
| 67356791 | polar covalent bond | unequal sharing of electrons to form stable octet | |
| 67356792 | metallic bond | sea of mobile electrons | |
| 67356793 | kinetic molecular theory | the kinetic energy of a gas molecule increases proportionally with temperature in degrees Kelvin | |
| 67356794 | network solid | covalently bonded substances that do not consist of individual molecules | |
| 67356795 | hydrate | an ionic substance in which water molecules bond to the ions in a fixed ratio | |
| 67356796 | heat of fusion | the amount of heat that it takes a substance to just move from solid to liquid phase | |
| 67356797 | heat of vaporization | the amount of energy that must be added to move the substance from liquid to gaseous phase | |
| 67356798 | vapor pressure | created when liquids below their boiling points are evaporated | |
| 67356799 | triple point | special combination of pressure and temperature | |
| 67356800 | evaporation | a liquid has a enough kinetic energy to escape into a gaseous phase | |
| 67356801 | molarity | most commonly used unit for concentration, measure of number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution | |
| 67356802 | molality | measure of the number of moles of solute dissolved per kilogram of solvent | |
| 67356803 | activation energy | the minimum energy that must be supplied for the activated complex to be formed | |
| 67356804 | dynamic equilibrium | the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal;constant but not equal concentrations of products and reactants | |
| 67356805 | le chatelier's principle | stressing a system at equilibrium causes the system to shift to relieve stress | |
| 67356806 | buffer | a conjugate pair of a weak acid and weak base | |
| 67356807 | oxidation state | positive if the atom is likely to lose electrons and negative if the atom is likely to gain electrons | |
| 67356808 | combustion reaction | a compound containing carbon and hydrogen reacts with molecular oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water | |
| 67356809 | oxidizing agent | causes another species to be oxidized by undergoing reduction | |
| 67356810 | reducing agent | causes another substance to be reduced | |
| 67356811 | electrochemical cell | a device used to produce an electric current from a spontaneous redox reaction | |
| 67356812 | electrolysis | the process by which electrical energy is put into a nonspontaneous redox reaction to force it to occur | |
| 67356813 | electroplating | a type of electrolysis in which one metal is deposited on another | |
| 67356814 | salt bridge | contains a cation and an anion that don;t participate in the redox reaction | |
| 67356815 | substitution | one atom or group in a compound is replaced with another atom or group | |
| 67356816 | polymerization | two smaller compounds are joined to form a large third compound | |
| 67356817 | cracking | a larger compound is broken down into smaller compounds | |
| 67356818 | oxidation | an organic compound can react with oxygen at high temperatures to form carbon dioxide and water, otherwise known as combustion | |
| 67356819 | esterification | an organic acid reacts with an alcohol to produce an ester and water | |
| 67356820 | fermentation | an organic compound reacts in the absence of oxygen to produce an alcohol and carbon dioxide | |
| 67356821 | lipids | made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms connected in long branching chains | |
| 67356822 | carbohydrates | known as sugars, organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen usually in 1:2:1 ratio | |
| 67356823 | nucleic acids | contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, they are polymers made up of monomers known as nucleotides | |
| 67356824 | polypeptides | chains of linked amino acids | |
| 67356825 | enzymes | biological catalysts that speed up the rate of nearly all cellular reactions | |
| 67356826 | troposphere | the layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth | |
| 67356827 | stratosphere | layer above the troposphere | |
| 67356828 | mesosphere | further out beyond the stratosphere | |
| 67356829 | thermosphere | furthest layer out of them all | |
| 67356830 | photodissociation | a bond is broken as a molecule absorbs a photon of light energy | |
| 67356831 | accuracy | the measure of how correct a measurement is, compared to some standard | |
| 67356832 | precision | the measure of how exact a measurement is, compared to the real value of the measurement | |
| 67356833 | beaker | used to hold and pour liquids | |
| 67356834 | buret | used to add small but precisely measured volumes of liquid to a solution, used frequently in titration experiments | |
| 67356835 | burner | used to apply heat | |
| 67356836 | crucible tongs | used to handle objects that are too hot to touch | |
| 67356837 | dropper pipette | used to add small amounts of liquid to a solution | |
| 67356838 | erlenmeyer flask | a flash used for heating liqiuds, conic shape allows stirring | |
| 67356839 | evaporating dish | used to hold liquids for evaporation, wide mouth allows vapor to escape | |
| 67356840 | florence flask | used for boiling of liquids | |
| 67356841 | forceps | tweezers | |
| 67356842 | funnel | used to get liquids into a small container | |
| 67356843 | graduated cylinder | used for measuring precisely a volume of liquid to be poured all at once | |
| 67356844 | graduated pipette | used to transfer small and precise volumes of liquid from one container to another |
