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| 32765326 | Protestants | a reformer who protested against the abuses of the Catholic church in the 1500. | 0 | |
| 32765327 | indulgence | The forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act. | 1 | |
| 32765328 | Christian Humanists | Scholars of the Northern Renaissance valued the Greek and Roman classics but showed more interest in religon than their Italian counterparts. Wanted to improve themselves and society through education. | 2 | |
| 32765329 | The Praise of Folly | an essay written by Erasmus that uses satire to point out corrupt practices of the Church. A big influence on Martin Luther. | 3 | |
| 32765330 | Utopia | a book by Thomas More (1516) describing the perfect society on an imaginary island where there was no personal property or greed. | 4 | |
| 32765331 | 95 Theses | Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. They were posted on October 31, 1517 and started The Reformation. | 5 | |
| 32765332 | Holy Roman Empire | Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities in central Europe, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806. | 6 | |
| 32765333 | Diet of Worms | Assembly of the estates of the empire, called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1521. Luther was ordered to recant but he refused. Charles V declared Luther an outlaw | 7 | |
| 32765335 | predestination | doctrine of John Calvin that adhered to the idea that each person's fate is predetermined by God | 8 | |
| 32765336 | Anabaptists | In the Reformation, a member of the protestant group that believed in baptizing only those people who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the separation of church and state | 9 | |
| 32765337 | Latin Vulgate | the authorized version of the Bible for the Catholic Church | 10 | |
| 32765339 | Hapsburg Dynasty | A family that controlled Spain, part of Italy, and part of the Holy Roman Empire. It was extremely powerful until the Thirty Years' War | 11 | |
| 32765343 | Huguenots | French Calvinists; brutally suppressed in France | 12 | |
| 32765344 | League of Schmalkalden | in Northern Germany formed by newly Protestant (Lutheran) princes to defend themselves against Charles V's drive to re-Catholicize Germany | 13 | |
| 32765345 | Peace of Augsburg | 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler | 14 | |
| 32765346 | Council of Trent | called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend | 15 | |
| 32765347 | Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 16 | |
| 32765348 | Act of Supremacy | Declared the king (Henry VIII) the supreme head of the Church of England in 1534. | 17 | |
| 32765349 | Church of England | Church created in England as a result of a political dispute between Henry VIII and the Pope, Pope would not let Henry divorce his wife | 18 | |
| 900858786 | Charles V | Holy Roman Emperor who strongly supported Catholicism. Opposed the Reformation by trying to keep Martin Luther silent. | 19 | |
| 900858787 | Henry VIII | King of England who wanted a divorce from his wife because she could not provide him a male heir. Started the Church of England and placed himself in charge of it. | 20 | |
| 900858788 | Ulrich Zwingli | Influenced by Erasmus, this religious leader created a theocracy in Zurich and wanted the Bible to be the sole authority regarding religious practice. Saw the act of communion as only symbolic. | 21 | |
| 900858789 | Ignatius of Loyola | Counter-Reformation leader who founded the Jesuits | 22 | |
| 900858790 | Johann Tetzel | Priest who sold indulgences in Martin Luther's town in order to fund the Italian pope's patronage of works of art. | 23 | |
| 900858791 | John Calvin | French lawyer who wrote the Institutes of Christian Religion and started a theocracy in Geneva based on predestination. | 24 | |
| 900858792 | Martin Luther | German monk who criticized corrupt Catholic practices and started the Reformation. Believed people should focus on the Bible instead of Catholic leaders. | 25 | |
| 900858793 | Katerina von Bora | Wife of Martin Luther who wanted women to have more power in the church and equal rights. | 26 | |
| 900858794 | William Tyndale | Translated the Bible into English and was executed for his efforts. | 27 | |
| 900868195 | Protestant work ethic | Calvinists believed that hard work and financial success were a sign of God's salvation. | 28 | |
| 900868196 | Twelve Articles | The Peasant's War was based on the belief that serfdom was oppressive. They were inspired by Luther although he opposed the rebellion. | 29 | |
| 900868197 | simony | The practice of buying an important position within the church. | 30 | |
| 900868198 | nepotism | Rewarding friends and family members with chuch positions. | 31 | |
| 900868199 | Elizabethan Settlement | Allowed Protestantism and Catholicism to be privately practiced as long as people publicly committed to the Church of England. | 32 | |
| 900868200 | politique | A leader who reaches compromise by finding a practical middle ground on controversal issues. | 33 | |
| 900871138 | Catholic (Counter) Reformation | An attempt for the Catholic Church to reform itself by ending corrupt practices and opposing the spread of Protestantism. | 34 | |
| 901718153 | Pope Paul III | Catholic leader of the Counter Reformation who sought to improve the church from within and challenge the influence of Protestantism. Organized the Council of Trent. | 35 |
