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Chp. 3 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis Flashcards

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8789366742Clinical AssessmentSystematic evaluation and measurement (Psychological, Biological, social)0
8789372045DiagnosisDegree of fit between symptoms and diagnostic criteria1
8789396795Understand, predict, treatment, evaluate outcomePurpose of Clinical Assessment2
8789424491FunnelWhat assessment of psychological disorders are analogous to3
8789452828ReliabilityDegree to which a measure is consistent4
8789452829ValidityExtent to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure5
8789458471Concurrent, Predictive, ConstructTypes of Validity6
8789461156Concurrent ValidityComparison between results of one assessment with another measure known to be valid7
8789463588Predictive ValidityHow well the assessment predicts outcomes8
8789463589Construct ValidityDegree to which test or item measures the unobservable construct it claims to measure9
8789475096Test-Retest ReliabilityCan take one test and take a again and get relatively same response10
8789482406Inter-Rater ReliabilityTwo coders are getting relatively the same results11
8789485272StandardizationEnsures consistency and benchmarks for comparison12
8789502809Alternate Form ReliabilityGiving slightly different forms to avoid practice but still getting at the same construct consistently13
8789585777Clinical Interview(Most common assessment method) Aimed at gathering information and can be un/semi/structured14
8789601204Mental Status ExamAssessment that involves systematic observation of behavior across 5 domains15
8789636068DSM SCIDStructured clinical interview mainly used in research to consistently go about potential DSM diagnosis16
8789646730SensoriumGeneral functioning awareness of surroundings oriented 3 times in person, place, and time (mental status exam)17
8789751269Behavioral AssessmentAssessment to focus on the here and now with purpose of identifying problematic behaviors, antecedents, and situations18
8789800715Self-MonitoringBehavioral Assessment that is use when behaviors are in person's thoughts, inconsistent, or hard to replicate19
8789811184ReactivityProblem that can occur with direct observation20
8789816303Psychological TestingAssessment for tools of cognition, emotion, and behavior (personality, intelligence)21
8789857644Projective TestsPsychological assessment in psychoanalytic tradition that requires high degree of inference in scoring and interpretation22
8789896514Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)(Projective Test) See a picture and tell a story from it23
8789896515Rorschach Inkblot(Projective Test) Looking at what they think image is and clinician getting personality tendencies24
8789985089Icebreaker and Qualitative InformationStrengths of projective tests25
8789988573Objective TestsAssessment in Empirical Tradition that have minimal inference and less ambiguous26
8789992405Objective Personality InventoriesMMPI, has validity, reliability, and normative database27
8790023172L (MMPI)Lie, attempting to present self-favorably28
8790023173F (MMPI)Faking a bad response (wanting to look abnormal) or random responses29
8790023174K (MMPI)Defensiveness or "faking good"30
8790052955Validity ScalesIn MMPI to see if person is trying to throw you off31
8790079222Clinical ScoresIn MMPI to test32
8790082336Hs (Hypochondriasis)(MMPI) Excessive sensitivity to and concern with bodily sensations33
8790082337D (Depression)(MMPI) Depressive symptoms, pessimism, dysphoria34
8790084873Hy (Hysteria)(MMPI) Tendency to react to stress through somatization35
8790084874Pd (Psychopathic Deviate)(MMPI) Little concern for social values and standards, rebellious, may engage in antisocial acts36
8790121121Mf (Masculinity-Feminity)(MMPI) Tendency to exhibit nontraditional gender characteristics37
8790124021Pa (Paranoia)(MMPI) Suspicious, misinterprets motives of others, guarded38
8790124022Pt (Psychathenia)(MMPI) Anxiousness, worried, fearful, obsessive compulsive tendencies39
8790124026Sc (Schizophrenia)(MMPI) Bizarre sensory experiences or beliefs, may be confused, disorganized, disoriented40
8790126742Ma (Hypomania)(MMPI) Overactivity, unrealistic self-appraisal, being energetic and talkative41
8790126743Si (Social Introversion)(MMPI) Shyness, tendency to be reserved, timid, socially introverted42
8790144266Objective Intelligence TestsObjective way of intellectual functioning in school-system (Western) NOT how smart they are43
8790153640Norms of scores (with similar demographics)How IQ is scored44
8790187834Verbal and PerformanceDomains of Intelligence Tests45
8790258383Neuropsychological TestingAssessments whose goal is to assess broad range of skills and abilities and to understand brain-behavior relations46
8790305531NeuroimagingAllows for a window on brain structure and function47
8790309775Imaging Brain StructureCAT Scan X-rays of slices of brain to identify abnormalities in shape48
8790323253MRIUses magnetic fields to detects changes in position of protons in the hydrogen atoms within the tissue BUT $$ and exposure (structure)49
8816437223PETInjection of radioactive isotopes to identify brain activity (function)50
8816443486fMRIAssesses brief changes in brain activity Helps identify changes in response to sensory information and changes in brain activity during a mental task51
8816592094Psychophysiological AssessmentAssess brain structure, function, and activity of the nervous system Includes the EEG52
8816615182PTSD, Sleep Disorders, Sexual DysfunctionsDisorders that typically use psychophysiological assessments53
8816631624Diagnostic ClassificationCentral to all sciences because it can assign to categories base don shared attributes and relations54
8816656372Idiographic Strategy (Classification)What is unique about an individual's personality, cultural background, or circumstances for classification55
8816656373Nomothetic StrategyConsideration of similarities among large groups of people with the same disorder to determine what they have in common for classifications. (trying to name the problem) Often used when identifying a specific psychological disorder to make a diagnosis56
8816674164TaxonomyClassification in a scientific context57
8816674165NosologyTaxonomy of psychological/ medical phenomena58
8816674166NomenclaturesNosological labels (jargon -> bipolar disorder)59
8816689175Classical (or pure) categorical approachstrict categories (e.g., you either have social anxiety disorder or you don't). Based on assumption of clear differences between disorders, each of which has a unique cause60
8816689176Dimensional approachclassification along dimensions (e.g., different people have varying amounts of anxiety in social situations)61
8816691729Prototypical approachCriteria for disorders involve essential, defining characteristics combined with a range of variation on other characteristics.62
8816746482ICD-10WHO published for international classification of diseases63
8816832989DSM-IVEliminated distinction between psychological and organic mental disorders64
8816837975DSM-IIIRevolutionized classification and include 5 axes for types of problems and was more specific65
8816933755Criteria NOT Cause (limits scientific progress), Comorbidity, Stigmatization of LabelMajor issue of DSM-V66
8816956997Stigmatization of LabelProblem with DSM-V where c classification leads us to "know" all of their symptoms67
8878609449appearance/behavior, thought processes, mood and affect, intellectual functioning, sensorium5 domains of Mental Status Exam68
8878657591Thought Process(Mental Status Exam) Does conversation make sense, bouncing from thought to thought69
8878663218Appearance and Behavior(Mental Status Exam) Do they take care of hygiene70
8878666343Mood and Affect(Mental Status Exam) Flat affect, elated71
8878669906AffectHow emotional state is reflected throughout conversation72
8878672538MoodPredominant feeling state of the individual73
8878698671Loose Association (derailment)(Thought Process) Disorganized speech pattern (scz)74
8878734348Delusions of persecution(Thought processes) Person thinks people are after them75
8878746387Delusions of grandeur(Thought processes) Person thinks thy are all-powerful in some way76
8878748877Ideas of reference(Thought processes) Person thinks that everything everyone else does somehow related back to the individual (strangers are talking about you)77
8878764356Semi-Strcutured Clinical InterviewsAssessment made of questions that ave been carefully phrased and tested to elicit useful information in a consistent manner so that way clinicians can get most important aspects of disorder78
8878872281Informal ObservationForm of observation (behavioral) that relies on observer's recollections and interpretations79
8878872282Operational DefinitionObservable and measurable behavior80
8878887775Formal ObservationForm of observation (behavioral) that identifies specific behaviors that are observable and measurable81
8878971060Personality Inventories(Psychological testing) self-report questionnaires that assess perusal traits82
8878976227Face ValiditySeems to be asking questions to get at desired information83
8879015701Intelligence Quotient (IQ)Take mental age / chronological age X 10084
8879020523False Positive(Neuropsychological testing) Seeing an impairment when there is nothing85
8879020524False Negative(Neuropsychological testing) Not seeing an impairment when there is one86
8879077181CAT ScanComputerized axial tomography that used multiple x-rays to represent slices of brain structure87
8915738718Cognition, Emotion, BehaviorSpecific tools of assessment for psychological testing88
8915741824Antecedent, Behavior, ConsequenceABCs of behavioral assessment89
8915776103Familial AggregationExtent to which the disorder would be found among the patient's relatives90
8915779040Predictive ValidityTell what is likely to happen to prototypical patient91
8915780079Criterion ValidityWhen the outcome is what we use to judge the usefulness of the diagnostic criteria92
8915781411Content ValidityIf you create a diagnosis for a disorder it would reflect the way most experts in the field think of that disorder (get the label right)93
8915868589SubthresholdNot quite meeting DSM criteria, no impairment or not all symptoms present94
8915872269Primary care settingswhere person first goes with their problem95
8915877446Reliability, Validity, StandardizationWhat the value of an assessment depends on96

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