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| 236944750 | persian empire | first large powerful empire in the world | 0 | |
| 236944751 | cyrus | conquered fertile crescent. was crazy. his own soldiers killed him and there were no more heirs | 1 | |
| 236944752 | darius I | conquered everything else from Pakistan to Eastern Europe. tries to conquer Greece: loses the battle of Marathon. had been an advisor to Cyrus. divides Persia into provinces, creates a system of roads. generally good emperor | 2 | |
| 236944753 | behistun rock | declaration in Cuneiform and in Persian | 3 | |
| 236944754 | xerxes | tries to invade Greece 10 years after his father fails. son of Darius. linked monarchy to religion | 4 | |
| 236944755 | persian wars | 10 years of trying to invade Greece | 5 | |
| 236944756 | heinrich schliemann | concluded that there actuyally was a Trojan war | 6 | |
| 236944757 | acropolis | high point where people could protect themselves | 7 | |
| 236944758 | agora | low point where people lived and shopped | 8 | |
| 236944759 | Spartans | were not traders. tough and disciplined. girls were not despised. conquered the Helots | 9 | |
| 236944760 | zoroastrianism | monotheistic faith predating Christianity and Islam. good vs evil and freewill. Ahura Mazda vs. Ahriman (goodness vs lies) Zend Avesta is their religious Bible | 10 | |
| 236944761 | corruption | number 1 cause of decline in Persian Empire due to increased taxation, isolation of the kings,and no rules for succession | 11 | |
| 236944762 | athenians | mercantile; commercial farmers. treated women horribly. democratic. believed in education music and art | 12 | |
| 236944763 | Herodotus | where we get most of our information about the Persian Wars (sides with Greece) | 13 | |
| 236944764 | Peloponnesian war | smaller city-states get tired of the attitude of the athenians (spending money on themselves) so they go to sparta | 14 | |
| 236944765 | thucydidies | writes about the Peloponnesian war | 15 | |
| 236944766 | alexander the great | part of the Macedonian empire. conquers egyupt. | 16 | |
| 236944767 | hellenistic period | time period from the time of Alexander until the rise of Rome | 17 | |
| 236944768 | etruscans | conquered the little village of Rome (where the romans get the toga, builging, and organization of army from) | 18 | |
| 236944769 | punic wars | against the city of carthage (which is a colony of the phoenicians) | 19 | |
| 236944770 | 1st triumvirate | consisted of caesar, pompey, and crassus | 20 | |
| 236944771 | julius caesar | conquered gaul represents the Plebeians, paid his soldiers and respected them. assassinated ides of march. | 21 | |
| 236944772 | pompey | married to caesar's daughter his army was favored by the senate | 22 | |
| 236944773 | 2nd triumvirate | consisted of marc antony, octavian, and marcus lepedus. marked the beginning of the Roman Empire | 23 | |
| 236944774 | marc antony | good friend to caesar | 24 | |
| 236944775 | octavian | caesar's adopted son who is married to marc antony's sister. (later becomes augustus caesar) | 25 | |
| 236944776 | marcus lepedus | gets exiled by marc and octavian. goes to egypt and meets cleopatra. (have three kids) forms a military alliance to defeat octavian, but is defeated. kills himself | 26 | |
| 236944777 | augustus caesar | the first emperor. name means "exulted one" was a good emperor because he didnt abuse his power | 27 | |
| 236944778 | pontifus maximus | head priest (which the emperor was) | 28 | |
| 236944779 | imperator | commander of the roman legions (which the emperor was) | 29 | |
| 236944780 | tribune | had veto power over the senate | 30 | |
| 236944781 | pax romana | when the best emperors were around. sets the precedent of choosing successor. 200 year period. "peace of rome" | 31 | |
| 236944782 | marcus aurelius | beloved emperor. was a philosopher who did not want to be the emperor. knew how to rule wisely | 32 | |
| 236944783 | diocletian | cut the empire in half. rules the west and appointed someone to rule the east | 33 | |
| 236944784 | constantine | had to fight to claim power. accepted the divided rome. moves to the east which eventually becomes the byzantine empire | 34 | |
| 236944785 | polis | means greek city-state. each had their own form of government and citizens had to be loyal | 35 | |
| 236944786 | aristocracy | "rule of the best" which was most of the greek city-states and republic | 36 | |
| 236944787 | athenian democracy | THE only democracy in the ancient world (and greece). people didnt always participate | 37 | |
| 236944788 | limited democracy | citizens of all classes got to vote. | 38 | |
| 236944789 | direct democracy | had to vote directly, showing up once a week. (aristocrats voted so the aristocrats won) | 39 | |
| 236944790 | cincinnatus | asked by the Romans to become dictator. was a farmer, and in less than 6 months went back to the plow. | 40 | |
| 236944791 | twelve tables | laws to protect the rights of the Plebeians | 41 | |
| 236944792 | socrates | taught his students to question people even their parents. put on trial for corrupting the youth of athens. was considered a rebel. forced to be poisoned and kill himself | 42 | |
| 236944793 | plato | did not have a lot of faith in the state of democracy. student of socrates | 43 | |
| 236944794 | aristotle | tried to figure out how the world functioned physically. thought more about the sciences. impacted the byzantine and islam | 44 | |
| 236944795 | herodotus | wrote about the persian wars. known as the father of history | 45 | |
| 236944796 | pantheon | was dedicated to the roman gods | 46 | |
| 236944797 | coliseum | was a roman arena | 47 |
