244597739 | interact | what is Afro-Eurasian world starting to do in the Post-Classical World? | 0 | |
244597740 | Islam | what does the Post-Classical era coincice with, causing it to end? | 1 | |
244597741 | the Mongols | who brings the decline of the Islamic EMPIRE (not religion)? | 2 | |
244597742 | Arabia | what area has inhopspitable desert? | 3 | |
244597743 | Bedouin | Arabia is home to the pastoral nomadic society of the ___________. the nomadic clans of pastoralist and herders (first converters to Islam) who lived in the arabian peninsula | 4 | |
244597744 | polytheism | what was the religion of the Bedouins=? | 5 | |
244597745 | allah | what term goes all the way back to the Bedouins? | 6 | |
244597746 | warriors and fighters | what were men considered to be in clans and tribes? | 7 | |
244597747 | tribes | when clans interact with other clans... they form_________ | 8 | |
244597748 | shayks (sheiks) | ________ ruled over the clan, and potentially the whole tribe. had to be a warrior | 9 | |
244597749 | honor | what was the constant fighting of each other for? | 10 | |
244597750 | unified | Islam ________ the Bedouins and allowed them to overcome the problems of tribalism | 11 | |
263626463 | women | who had greater freedom at this time? | 12 | |
263626464 | mecca | what city was founded by the Umayyad clan, was the center of trade in Arabia along the Red Sea, and was big for caravan trade? | 13 | |
263626465 | camels | who were called "ships of the desert"? | 14 | |
263626466 | merchant elite | who had control of the city of mecca? | 15 | |
263626467 | Ka'ba | religious building in Mecca that dates back to before islam | 16 | |
263626468 | black stone | supposedly came down from heaven (was a symbol for polytheism[but always allah]may have originally been white | 17 | |
263626469 | Medina (Yathrib) | northeast of mecca, some caravan trade. control contested by Bedouins and Jewish clans | 18 | |
263626470 | muhammad | considered to be the founder of Islam | 19 | |
263626471 | caravan manager | what did muhammad grow up to be as? | 20 | |
263626472 | Khadija | Muhammad's wife | 21 | |
263626473 | 610 CE | when did the angel of Gabriel come to Muhammad? | 22 | |
263626474 | dhimmi | people of the book : Jews and Christians | 23 | |
263626475 | Hijra | flight of Muhammad and his followers from mecca to medina in 622 (due to persecution in Mecca) | 24 | |
263626476 | 629 | when did Muhammad come back to Mecca in triumph and removed all tribal idols except the black stone? | 25 | |
263626477 | unified divided clans of Arabia | benefit of Islam to the arabs | 26 | |
263626478 | umma | community of faithful. put an end to feuding by uniting under allah | 27 | |
263626479 | egalitarianism | ethical system which stressed dignity and equality of all believers | 28 | |
263626480 | shariah | islamic law code created out of the Quran and the ideas of Muhammad. regulated all aspects of Muslim life. | 29 | |
263626481 | islam | arabic word meaning "sumbission" to the one tru god and Muhammad | 30 | |
263626482 | koran (quran) | the "holy book" the sacred text of islam that comes from Muhammad (who had been told by Gabriel) | 31 | |
263626483 | muslims | followers of Islam. "one who submits" | 32 | |
263626484 | five pillars | confession of faith, prayer, ramadan, zakat, and hajj | 33 | |
263626485 | confession of faith | professing that you are worshiping Allah as the one true god and muhammad as the last prophet | 34 | |
263626486 | prayer | pray 5 times a day facing Mecca. | 35 | |
263626487 | friday | what is the islamic holy day? | 36 | |
263626488 | ramadan | the month of fasting. shows self control, sacrifice, and that the faith is more important than physical needs | 37 | |
263626489 | zakat | the alms giving. idea that the strong should help the weak, rich the poor, ahd give to charity | 38 | |
263626490 | hajj | the coming to the ka'ba + rituals | 39 | |
263626491 | arab empire | when the Arabs expanded thus spreading islam and established the foundations for an enduring Islamic civilization | 40 | |
263626492 | trade routes | how did most of islam spread? | 41 | |
263626493 | question of succession | what problem arose after Muhammad's death? | 42 | |
263626494 | arab caliphs | political leaders after the death of Muhammad (pretty much the same thing as an emperor) | 43 | |
263626495 | caliphate | basically like an empire | 44 | |
263626496 | abu bakr | first caliph. unified Arab/Bedouins under Islamic faith and began to expand. conquered parts of the Byzantine and Persian empires, but was murdered | 45 | |
263626497 | jihad | means struggle (as in struggle for faith). as been used incorrectly as the holy war | 46 | |
263626498 | ali | muhammad's nephew. challeneged by and lost to Umayyad clan and was then assassinated. sons: Hasan and Husayn | 47 | |
263626499 | hasan | son of ali: stepped aside and didnt want to get involved | 48 | |
263626500 | shi'a | minority today except in Iraq and Iran. think that ali and husayn are the true heirs to Muhammad | 49 | |
263626501 | sunni | majority: the Umayyad population. spreads more than the Shi'a | 50 | |
263626502 | umayyad caliphate | begain with the controversy over caliph: ali of Mu'awiya. spread into south asia but doesnt take hold. threatened muhammad forcing him to flee to Medina and eventually created a split in Islam when they came to power | 51 | |
263626503 | damascus | the Umayyad capital was moved from Mecca to: ____________ | 52 | |
263626504 | mawali | non-arab converts | 53 | |
263626505 | jizya | tax money that non-Muslims paid | 54 | |
263626506 | harem | means "forbidden"-- the idea of secluding women and keeping them for the caliph. comes from the persians | 55 | |
263626507 | abu al-abbas | distantly related to Muhammad and was supported by the shi'a because they hated the Umayyad. mawali also supported him. (had overthrown the umayyad) | 56 | |
263626508 | baghdad | where did the Abbasid move the capital? | 57 | |
263626509 | mongol invasion | how did the arab empire appasid caliphate come to an end? | 58 | |
263626510 | fear of idolatry | why dont muslims show anything with a soul in art and architecture? | 59 | |
263882330 | political centralization | what does Africa have little of? | 60 | |
263882331 | assimilate | Hindus expected the Muslims to: ________ | 61 | |
263882332 | first invasion | the Umayyad conquered Indus River Valley in early 700s | 62 | |
263882333 | learning | what did the Hindus transmit to the Muslims? | 63 | |
263882334 | second invasion | Turkish and Persian (those who had converted to Islam) during the Abbasid empire invade | 64 | |
263882335 | delhi sultinate | established by the Turks and the Persians in 1206. rule for 300 years in the Northern Ganges area | 65 | |
263882336 | Sultan | ran the Dehli Sultinate in the city of Dehli. not a caliphate because the people were not arab | 66 | |
263882337 | untouchables | who were the most people converting in India? | 67 | |
263882338 | northern india | where were most of the converts located? | 68 | |
263882339 | Sufi | mystics. branch of Islam | 69 | |
263882340 | style and cultural practices | what did many muslims adopt from the Hindus? | 70 | |
263882341 | India | the least converted and integrated of all areas controlled by Islam | 71 | |
263882342 | pakistan | what is "northern india" NOW that is still Muslim? | 72 | |
263882343 | southeast asia | part of the Euro-Asian trading complex via the Indian ocean | 73 | |
263882344 | Shrivijaya | the Buddhist trading network that collapses and helps spread ISlam | 74 | |
263882345 | flexible | Islam didnt force conversion, therefore it was: ____________ | 75 | |
274367791 | arabian peninsula | the birthplace of the firls global civilization (Islam) | 76 | |
274367792 | dhows | arab sailing vessels | 77 | |
274381950 | Harun al-Rashid | most famous Abbasid caliph who lived a life of splendor and about whom "The Thousand and One Nights" may have been written | 78 | |
274381951 | buyids | the persian family that captured the city of Baghdad in 945 and from that point on controlled the abbasid caliphs | 79 | |
274381952 | saladin | the strong muslim leader who was successful against the Christian crusaders in the 12th century | 80 | |
274381953 | european christians | who did the crusades impact the most? | 81 | |
274381954 | persian | what language/culture became primary in the literary expression of the abbasid empire? | 82 | |
274381955 | mongols | the nomadic asian people who invaded the abbasid territory, took baghdad and executed the last abbasid caliph | 83 | |
274381956 | chinggis khan | the great leader of the mongols who led the first raid in the 1220s | 84 | |
274381957 | hinduism | what religion were the bhaktic cults associated with? | 85 | |
274381958 | buddhism | what religion had most converts to islam in india? | 86 | |
274381959 | malacca | the powerful trading city in asia that was key to the spread of islam | 87 |
Chp 6&7 Flashcards
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