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Chp 6&7 Flashcards

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244597739interactwhat is Afro-Eurasian world starting to do in the Post-Classical World?0
244597740Islamwhat does the Post-Classical era coincice with, causing it to end?1
244597741the Mongolswho brings the decline of the Islamic EMPIRE (not religion)?2
244597742Arabiawhat area has inhopspitable desert?3
244597743BedouinArabia is home to the pastoral nomadic society of the ___________. the nomadic clans of pastoralist and herders (first converters to Islam) who lived in the arabian peninsula4
244597744polytheismwhat was the religion of the Bedouins=?5
244597745allahwhat term goes all the way back to the Bedouins?6
244597746warriors and fighterswhat were men considered to be in clans and tribes?7
244597747tribeswhen clans interact with other clans... they form_________8
244597748shayks (sheiks)________ ruled over the clan, and potentially the whole tribe. had to be a warrior9
244597749honorwhat was the constant fighting of each other for?10
244597750unifiedIslam ________ the Bedouins and allowed them to overcome the problems of tribalism11
263626463womenwho had greater freedom at this time?12
263626464meccawhat city was founded by the Umayyad clan, was the center of trade in Arabia along the Red Sea, and was big for caravan trade?13
263626465camelswho were called "ships of the desert"?14
263626466merchant elitewho had control of the city of mecca?15
263626467Ka'bareligious building in Mecca that dates back to before islam16
263626468black stonesupposedly came down from heaven (was a symbol for polytheism[but always allah]may have originally been white17
263626469Medina (Yathrib)northeast of mecca, some caravan trade. control contested by Bedouins and Jewish clans18
263626470muhammadconsidered to be the founder of Islam19
263626471caravan managerwhat did muhammad grow up to be as?20
263626472KhadijaMuhammad's wife21
263626473610 CEwhen did the angel of Gabriel come to Muhammad?22
263626474dhimmipeople of the book : Jews and Christians23
263626475Hijraflight of Muhammad and his followers from mecca to medina in 622 (due to persecution in Mecca)24
263626476629when did Muhammad come back to Mecca in triumph and removed all tribal idols except the black stone?25
263626477unified divided clans of Arabiabenefit of Islam to the arabs26
263626478ummacommunity of faithful. put an end to feuding by uniting under allah27
263626479egalitarianismethical system which stressed dignity and equality of all believers28
263626480shariahislamic law code created out of the Quran and the ideas of Muhammad. regulated all aspects of Muslim life.29
263626481islamarabic word meaning "sumbission" to the one tru god and Muhammad30
263626482koran (quran)the "holy book" the sacred text of islam that comes from Muhammad (who had been told by Gabriel)31
263626483muslimsfollowers of Islam. "one who submits"32
263626484five pillarsconfession of faith, prayer, ramadan, zakat, and hajj33
263626485confession of faithprofessing that you are worshiping Allah as the one true god and muhammad as the last prophet34
263626486prayerpray 5 times a day facing Mecca.35
263626487fridaywhat is the islamic holy day?36
263626488ramadanthe month of fasting. shows self control, sacrifice, and that the faith is more important than physical needs37
263626489zakatthe alms giving. idea that the strong should help the weak, rich the poor, ahd give to charity38
263626490hajjthe coming to the ka'ba + rituals39
263626491arab empirewhen the Arabs expanded thus spreading islam and established the foundations for an enduring Islamic civilization40
263626492trade routeshow did most of islam spread?41
263626493question of successionwhat problem arose after Muhammad's death?42
263626494arab caliphspolitical leaders after the death of Muhammad (pretty much the same thing as an emperor)43
263626495caliphatebasically like an empire44
263626496abu bakrfirst caliph. unified Arab/Bedouins under Islamic faith and began to expand. conquered parts of the Byzantine and Persian empires, but was murdered45
263626497jihadmeans struggle (as in struggle for faith). as been used incorrectly as the holy war46
263626498alimuhammad's nephew. challeneged by and lost to Umayyad clan and was then assassinated. sons: Hasan and Husayn47
263626499hasanson of ali: stepped aside and didnt want to get involved48
263626500shi'aminority today except in Iraq and Iran. think that ali and husayn are the true heirs to Muhammad49
263626501sunnimajority: the Umayyad population. spreads more than the Shi'a50
263626502umayyad caliphatebegain with the controversy over caliph: ali of Mu'awiya. spread into south asia but doesnt take hold. threatened muhammad forcing him to flee to Medina and eventually created a split in Islam when they came to power51
263626503damascusthe Umayyad capital was moved from Mecca to: ____________52
263626504mawalinon-arab converts53
263626505jizyatax money that non-Muslims paid54
263626506haremmeans "forbidden"-- the idea of secluding women and keeping them for the caliph. comes from the persians55
263626507abu al-abbasdistantly related to Muhammad and was supported by the shi'a because they hated the Umayyad. mawali also supported him. (had overthrown the umayyad)56
263626508baghdadwhere did the Abbasid move the capital?57
263626509mongol invasionhow did the arab empire appasid caliphate come to an end?58
263626510fear of idolatrywhy dont muslims show anything with a soul in art and architecture?59
263882330political centralizationwhat does Africa have little of?60
263882331assimilateHindus expected the Muslims to: ________61
263882332first invasionthe Umayyad conquered Indus River Valley in early 700s62
263882333learningwhat did the Hindus transmit to the Muslims?63
263882334second invasionTurkish and Persian (those who had converted to Islam) during the Abbasid empire invade64
263882335delhi sultinateestablished by the Turks and the Persians in 1206. rule for 300 years in the Northern Ganges area65
263882336Sultanran the Dehli Sultinate in the city of Dehli. not a caliphate because the people were not arab66
263882337untouchableswho were the most people converting in India?67
263882338northern indiawhere were most of the converts located?68
263882339Sufimystics. branch of Islam69
263882340style and cultural practiceswhat did many muslims adopt from the Hindus?70
263882341Indiathe least converted and integrated of all areas controlled by Islam71
263882342pakistanwhat is "northern india" NOW that is still Muslim?72
263882343southeast asiapart of the Euro-Asian trading complex via the Indian ocean73
263882344Shrivijayathe Buddhist trading network that collapses and helps spread ISlam74
263882345flexibleIslam didnt force conversion, therefore it was: ____________75
274367791arabian peninsulathe birthplace of the firls global civilization (Islam)76
274367792dhowsarab sailing vessels77
274381950Harun al-Rashidmost famous Abbasid caliph who lived a life of splendor and about whom "The Thousand and One Nights" may have been written78
274381951buyidsthe persian family that captured the city of Baghdad in 945 and from that point on controlled the abbasid caliphs79
274381952saladinthe strong muslim leader who was successful against the Christian crusaders in the 12th century80
274381953european christianswho did the crusades impact the most?81
274381954persianwhat language/culture became primary in the literary expression of the abbasid empire?82
274381955mongolsthe nomadic asian people who invaded the abbasid territory, took baghdad and executed the last abbasid caliph83
274381956chinggis khanthe great leader of the mongols who led the first raid in the 1220s84
274381957hinduismwhat religion were the bhaktic cults associated with?85
274381958buddhismwhat religion had most converts to islam in india?86
274381959malaccathe powerful trading city in asia that was key to the spread of islam87

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