Adapted from "The Earth and its Peoples: A Global History," 5th ed., Chapter 9
Terms : Hide Images
| 291984906 | Charlemange | king of Franks; established Carolingian Empire | 0 | |
| 291984907 | medieval | the period 500-1500, between Greco-Roman antiquity and the Renaissance | 1 | |
| 291984908 | Byzantine Empire | eastern part of Roman Empire from fourth century onward | 2 | |
| 291984909 | Kievan Russia | state established at Kiev in Ukraine in 880 by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population | 3 | |
| 291984910 | schism | a formal split within a religious community | 4 | |
| 291984911 | manor | a large, self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord's residence, outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land | 5 | |
| 291984912 | serf | an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to perform set services for the lord | 6 | |
| 291984913 | fief | land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide military service | 7 | |
| 291984914 | vassal | a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord | 8 | |
| 291984915 | papacy | the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, headed by the Pope | 9 | |
| 291984916 | investiture controversy | dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate power over bishops in imperial lands | 10 | |
| 291984917 | monasticism | living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty | 11 | |
| 291984918 | horse collar | harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to its shoulders | 12 | |
| 291984919 | Crusades | armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule | 13 | |
| 291984920 | pilgrimage | a religious journey | 14 |
