Chapter 9
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| 298977381 | Hagia Sophia | Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. | 0 | |
| 298977382 | Greek fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals (petroleum, quicklime, sulfur) that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople | 1 | |
| 298977383 | Bulgaria | Slavic kingdom established in northern portions of Balkan peninsula; constant source of pressure on Byzantine Empire; defeated by Emperor Basil II in 1014 | 2 | |
| 298977384 | Cyril | Along with Methodius, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic. | 3 | |
| 298977385 | Methodius | Along with Cyril, missionary sent by Byzantine government to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic. | 4 | |
| 298977386 | Kiev | Trade city in southern Russia established by Scandinavian traders in 9th century; became focal point for kingdom of Russia that flourished to 12th century. | 5 | |
| 298977387 | Rurik | Legendary Scandinavian regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 C.E. | 6 | |
| 298977388 | Vladimir I | Ruler of Russian kingdom of Kiev from 980 to 1015; converted kingdom to Christianity. | 7 | |
| 298977389 | Russian Orthodox | Church that developed under Vladimir I whose priests were trained from church leaders imported from Byzantium. This king characteristically ruled over the church as well as many major appointments, shows east west divide. | 8 | |
| 298977390 | Yaroslav | Vladimir's son became a Grand Prince in A.D. 1019. Under his rule, Kievan culture reached its peak. First library established and legal system organized. | 9 | |
| 298977391 | Tatars | Mongols who captured Russian cities and destroyed the Kievan state in 1236. However, they left the Russian Orthodox church and aristocracy intact. | 10 |
