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| 1579834290 | behavioral psychology assumptions | 1. most human behavior is learned, including abnormal or maladaptive behavior 2. therefore tx is to help unlearn bad behavior and learn more adaptive behavior 3. treatment approach is behavior modification | 0 | |
| 1579834291 | associative learning | basis of behavior therapy, involves associating two different stimuli or events 1. classical conditioning 2. operant conditioning | 1 | |
| 1579834292 | behaviorism | A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior | 2 | |
| 1579834293 | classical conditioning | association of a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that naturally and involuntarily produces some physiological response | 3 | |
| 1579834294 | operant conditioning | association of behavior and some stimulus that follows the behavior (a reinforcing or punishing consequence) | 4 | |
| 1579834295 | john watson | paired loud noise with a white rat. eventually child became afraid of the white rat alone even without the noise | 5 | |
| 1579834296 | abbreviations - US, UR, CS, CR | unconditioned stimulus unconditoned response conditioned stimulus conditioned response | 6 | |
| 1579834297 | in pavlov's dogs experiment identify CS, US, CR, UR | CS - bell US - meat UR - salivation in response to meat CR - salivation in response to bell | 7 | |
| 1579834298 | stimulus generalization | albert responded with fear to stimuli similar to the white mouse (white rabbit, cotton) | 8 | |
| 1579834299 | extinction of a classically conditioned response | the conditioned stimulus-conditioned response bond will decay if the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus | 9 | |
| 1579834300 | spontaneous recovery | following extinction, conditioned response may reappear if the conditioned stimulus is presented following a short delay | 10 | |
| 1579834301 | stimulus discrimination | through trial and error the organism can learn to discriminate between similar stimuli, responding only to the conditioned stimuli | 11 | |
| 1579834302 | psychoneuroimmunology | ader's rats: rats had lupus, administer immunosupprssors with sweet water. eventually the sweet water will cause immunosuppression | 12 | |
| 1579834303 | anticipatory immunosuppression | ppl undergoing chemo with immunosuppressive drugs will eventually show immunosuppression just by being in the hospital, even before drug administration | 13 | |
| 1579834304 | bell and pad | use an alarm when pt feels they have a full bladder, meant to treat nocturnal enuresis | 14 | |
| 1579834305 | conditioning and drugs | sights, smells, sounds, situations become asc w the drug. these stimuli become asc w direct physiological effects of the drug - 'conditioned euphoria' take drugs in a bathroom stall -> bathroom stalls make you mildly euphoric - Chalres O'Brien | 15 | |
| 1579834306 | classical conditioning of drug-opposite effects | some drugs will cause the body to compensate, asc stimuli will cause compensation not the drug effect | 16 | |
| 1579834307 | Siegel's conditioned tolerance study | Lower mortality from morphine overdose among animals that demonstrated 'conditioned tolerance' - through classical conditioning, their bodies were 'warned' by environmental CSs that the drug was coming, resulting in earlier onset of compensatory physical responses (CRs). | 17 | |
| 1579834308 | conditioned tolerance in heroin addicts | Siegel further speculates that when the heroin addict is exposed to such CSs in the absence of the drug, these compensatory CRs tend to be experienced as unpleasant withdrawal-like symptoms, making it more likely that the individual will use the drug to alleviate them. | 18 | |
| 1579834309 | O'Brien's conditioned withdrawal study | He waved spearmint fragrance (which was originally a neutral stimulus) under the noses of individuals experiencing methadone withdrawal. Days later,when the pts were no longer in withdrawal, he exposed them to the spearmint smell (which now served as a CS), and observed withdrawal-like symptoms (CR) | 19 | |
| 1579834310 | implications of these studies for drug treatment | conditioned stimuli asc w drug use play a significant role in continued use, craving and relapse. therefore tx based on extinction -> help break the learned asc btwn the environment stimuli and drug use | 20 | |
| 1579834311 | classical extinction in substance abuse treatment |  | 21 | |
| 1579834312 | classical conditioning in anxiety disorders | contribute to development and treatment | 22 | |
| 1579834313 | classical conditioning in phobias | asc a neutral stimulus with fear. leads to avoidance behavior which reduces anxiety. avoidance behavior is subsequently maintained through operant conditioning | 23 | |
| 1579834314 | phobias not always acquired through fear producing unconditioned stimuli | some are acquired from vicarious learning or verbal report | 24 | |
| 1579834315 | PTSD treatment | repeat exposure to fear provoking stimuli, traumatized person is encouraged to recall events asc w the trauma which leads to reduction in the anxiety asc w the memory of the original event | 25 | |
| 1579834316 | placebo responding | expectation of improvement can actually help the outcome expectancy theory: the biological mechanisms responsible for turning expectation, thought, or belief into an agent of change within the cells, tissues, and organs of the human body. Research: Physicians who foster a sense of expectancy, hope, and optimism in their patients have better patient outcomes than those who do not do so, even when the medication/treatment used is the same. | 26 |
