Terms : Hide Images
| 735990401 | Ion | Charged particle formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. | 0 | |
| 735990402 | Positive ion | Formed when metal atoms lose electrons from their outer shell. | 1 | |
| 735990403 | Negative ion | Formed when non-metal atoms gain electrons to their outer shell. | 2 | |
| 735990404 | Ionic bond | Electrostatic attraction between ions of opposite charge. | 3 | |
| 735990405 | Ionic compound | Compound made up of positive and negative ions, key example: sodium chloride. | 4 | |
| 735990406 | Covalent bond | Shared pair of electrons found between non-metal atoms. | 5 | |
| 735990407 | Simple molecule | Molecule made up of a small number of atoms held by covalent bonds. Examples include water and ammonia. | 6 | |
| 735990408 | Intermolecular forces | Weak force found between small molecules, causes them to have a low m.m. and b.p. | 7 | |
| 735990409 | Lattice | Regular arrangement of particles. | 8 | |
| 735990410 | Macromolecule | Giant covalent structure made up of a large number of atoms. | 9 | |
| 735990411 | Diamond | Each carbon forms 4 bonds to other carbon atoms resulting in a very hard substance. | 10 | |
| 735990412 | Graphite | Each carbon bonds to three others in a layer structure. Soft and slippery. Conducts electricity. | 11 | |
| 735990413 | Metal | Giant structure of positive ions surrounded by a 'sea of electrons'. | 12 | |
| 735990414 | Delocalised electrons | Electrons that are free to move. Found in graphite and metals and cause them to conduct electricity. | 13 | |
| 735990415 | Nanoscience | Based on particle on billionth of a metre in size. | 14 | |
| 735990416 | Polymer | Long chain molecule made from many small molecules (monomers) joined together. | 15 | |
| 735990417 | Thermosoftening polymers | Can be melted and reshaped as have only weak forces between chains. | 16 | |
| 735990418 | Thermosetting polymers | Cannot be remoulded as have strong cross links between chains. | 17 | |
| 735990419 | Alloy | Mixture of metals | 18 | |
| 735990420 | Shape Memory Alloy | Return to original shape when deformed. | 19 | |
| 735990421 | Temperature | A measure of the average kinetic energy of a sample. | 20 | |
| 735990422 | Catalyst | A substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected | 21 | |
| 735990423 | Stirring | stirring increases the rate at which particles dissolve by increasing the kinetic energy of the sample | 22 | |
| 735990424 | Concentration | describes the amount of solute present in a volume of solvent. | 23 | |
| 735990425 | surface area | the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary | 24 | |
| 735990426 | Formation of Gas | indicator of a change in the form of bubbles | 25 | |
| 735990427 | precipitate | A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture | 26 | |
| 735990428 | Effect of temperature on rate | Increasing the temperature increases the both the number of collisions and the number of successful collisions that overcome the activation energy. | 27 | |
| 735990429 | Activation energy | The minimum energy a collision between particles requires for a chemical reaction to take place. | 28 | |
| 735990430 | Effect of catalysts on rate | These provide an alternative reaction route which has a lower activation energy. This means that more of the collisions will be successful. | 29 | |
| 735990431 | Effect of surface area on rate | A larger surface area will allow for more collisions and so increase the rate. | 30 | |
| 735990432 | Effect of concentration on rate | Increases the number of collisions because there are more reagent particles in the same volume. | 31 | |
| 735990433 | Exothermic | When energy from a reaction is given out to surrounds. | 32 | |
| 735990434 | Endothermic | When energy for a reaction is taken in from the surroundings. | 33 | |
| 735990435 | Chemical reaction | This involves the making and or breaking of chemical bonds. This will also include a change in properties and a change in energy. | 34 | |
| 735990436 | Chemical bonds | an attraction between two atoms resulting from the sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges | 35 | |
| 735990437 | Energy in reactions | The breaking of a chemical bond requires energy from it's surroundings. The forming of the same bond will release the same amount of energy. | 36 | |
| 735990438 | Examples of exothermic reactions | Combustion of Fuels, Corrosion of Metals, Reaction Between Acid and Alkali, Respiration | 37 | |
| 735990439 | Examples of endothermic reactions | Thermal decomposition, photosynthesis, denaturing an enzyme. | 38 | |
| 735990440 | Mole | A unit to count the number of particles present in a sample. One mole contains 6.02 x 10²³ particles. | 39 | |
| 735990441 | Percentage by mass | Indicates what proportion of the total mass of a compound is accounted for by each element. = mass of element/mass of compound x100 | 40 | |
| 735990442 | atom economy | The proportion of reactants that are converted into useful products rather than waste products. = mass useful/mass total x 100 | 41 | |
| 735990443 | Percentage yield | the actual yield (experimentally determined) expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield (calculated) = Actual/Possible x 100 | 42 | |
| 735990444 | Relative atomic mass | The mass in grams of one mole of an element. This can be found on the periodic table. (it will be the larger of the two numbers on the element) | 43 | |
| 735990445 | Relative molecular mass | The mass in grams of one mole of a molecule. This can be calculated by adding up all of the atomic masses. | 44 | |
| 735990446 | Molecular formula | Shows the number of atoms of each element in a compound. i.e. C₃H₆ | 45 | |
| 735990447 | Empirical formula | The simplest ratio of the elements in a compound. i.e. the empirical formula of Propene (C₃H₆) is C:2H | 46 | |
| 735990448 | metal carbonate + acid → | metal carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide | 47 | |
| 735990449 | Salt | Formed when a metal displaces hydrogen from an acid. | 48 | |
| 735990450 | Salt of hydrochloric acid | Chloride | 49 | |
| 735990451 | Salt of nitric acid | Nitrates | 50 | |
| 735990452 | Salt of sulfuric acid | Sulfates | 51 | |
| 735990453 | Brine | water containing salts | 52 | |
| 735990454 | Membrane used in electrolysis of brine | The membrane in NaCl electrolysis cell allows ions, but not gases to pass through. | 53 | |
| 735990455 | Product of electrolysis of brine at the Cathode | Hydrogen gas, H₂. (CatHy's) | 54 | |
| 735990456 | Product of electrolysis of brine at the Anode | Chlorine gas, Cl₂. (AnCle) | 55 | |
| 735990457 | Solution formed as a result of electrolysis of brine. | Sodium Hydrogen Solution. | 56 | |
| 735990458 | Uses of Cl | Bleach Paper Used for sterilising water drinking and pool water | 57 | |
| 735990459 | Uses of H₂ | Magerine Fuel/ Fuel cells Ammonia - fertilisers. | 58 | |
| 735990460 | Uses of NaOH | Soap Paper Fibres | 59 | |
| 735990461 | Chemical added to Al₂O₃ | Cryolite added reducing the melting point. | 60 | |
| 735990462 | Reaction at anode during electrolysis of Al₂O₃ | 2O²⁻ → O₂ + 4e⁻ (Oxidation) | 61 | |
| 735990463 | Reaction at cathode during electrolysis of Al₂O₃ | Al³⁺ + 3e⁻ → Al (Reduction) | 62 | |
| 735990464 | Uses of Aluminium | Conducts electricity. Low density Expensive, useful for aircraft (Light properties) Foodcontainers + windows (won't corrode.) | 63 | |
| 735990465 | Which electrode is which? | PANIC (Positive Anode Negative Is Cathode) | 64 | |
| 735990466 | Which reaction takes place at each electrode? | OIL RIG (Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain) (of electrons) | 65 | |
| 735990467 | Reactions of metal compounds and acid | metal + acid → salt + hydrogen metal oxide + acid → salt + water metal hydroxide + acid → salt + water metal carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide | 66 | |
| 735990468 | acid | Compound that donates H⁺ ions to an aqueous solution and measures less than 7 on the pH scale. | 67 | |
| 735990469 | alkali | A water soluble base | 68 | |
| 735990470 | base | A compound that can neutralise an acid. E.g. metal oxides and hydroxides | 69 | |
| 735990471 | What does (aq) mean? | Dissolved in water (an aqueous solution) | 70 | |
| 735990472 | precipitate | a solid that forms from solution during a chemical reaction | 71 | |
| 735990473 | half equation | Equation showing only the reaction of the ion at an electrode during electrolysis. | 72 | |
| 735990474 | electroplating | an electrolytic process in which a metal ion is reduced and a solid metal is deposited on a surface | 73 | |
| 735990475 | Electrolyte | a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or in the molten state. | 74 | |
| 735990476 | Electrolysis | The process of decomposing a chemical compound by the passage of an electric current. | 75 |
